Abstract
Planted forests include forests established through human planting or deliberate seeding. They are systems that offer us timber and non-timber forest products and ecosystem services, such as wildlife protection, carbon sequestration, soil, and watershed maintenance. Brazil has 7.6 million hectares of planted forests, with 72% of the total area occupied by Eucalyptus spp. A favorable climate and management and genetic improvement research are the main factors responsible for high productivity. In recent years, the expansion of planted areas has been accompanied by the commercial release of several pesticides, mainly herbicides. A recent change in the Brazilian legislation allows mixing phytosanitary products in a spray tank, having a new approach to managing pests, diseases, and weeds. Antagonism is the main risk of tank mixes, and to reduce the dangers associated with this practice, we review all products registered for growing Eucalyptus. This literature review aims to identify the effects of product mixtures registered for Eucalyptus reported for other crops. In addition, environmental and social risk assessment has been widely adopted to export wood and cellulose, making the results of this review an indispensable tool in identifying the nature and degree of risks associated with pesticides. The results classify the effects of the mixtures as an additive, antagonistic or synergistic. The use of pesticide tank mixtures has the potential for expansion. However, there are still challenges regarding variations in the effects and applications in different climatic conditions. Therefore, studies that prove efficient mixtures for the forest sector are essential and the training of human resources.
Highlights
Global forests planted with Eucalyptus spp
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA), 173 formulated products are registered for Eucalyptus cultivation, with 3, 6, 15, and 76% of the products being acaricides, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, respectively [5]
Because of the expressive release of Eucalyptus crop pesticides, the risks associated with using tank mixtures, and the adoption of sustainable forest management practices, this review sought to verify the effects of pesticide mixtures registered for Eucalyptus and described for other crops
Summary
Pesticide mixtures have been used to pest control simultaneously and reduce management costs [6,7] Legalizing this practice occurred with the Normative Instruction No 40 (11 October 2018), which establishes that professionals in the field can prescribe the technique, as long as the agronomic prescription contains the name of the products, incompatibility data, and the indicated culture [8]. The repeated use of products with the exact mechanism of action to control pests, diseases or weeds, in the same crop cycle over the years, without adopting alternative management practices, is the main reason for selecting resistant biotypes in agronomic crops in Brazil. Because of the expressive release of Eucalyptus crop pesticides, the risks associated with using tank mixtures, and the adoption of sustainable forest management practices, this review sought to verify the effects of pesticide mixtures registered for Eucalyptus and described for other crops
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