Expansion around the vacuum equation of state: Sudden future singularities and asymptotic behavior

Abstract

The dark energy model with the equation of state ${p}_{d}=\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{d}\ensuremath{-}A{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{d}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ is studied. The model comprises and provides realization of several types of singularities in different parameter regimes: the divergence of the dark energy density and pressure at finite time and finite value of the scale factor, the singularity of the ``big rip'' type and the sudden future singularity recently introduced by Barrow. For parameter choices which lead to a nonsingular expansion of the universe, various types of the asymptotic evolution are found. The entire time evolution of the universe is described both analytically and numerically. The advantages of this dark energy EOS as a parametrization of dark energy are discussed.