Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the group of bacteria residing in the rhizosphere of the plant and impart beneficial effect on the overall health and growth of the plant. Efficient PGPR strains are known to possess plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits which include nitrogen fixation, solubilization of phosphates, production of auxins, cytokines and other phytohormones, production of siderophores, antibiotics, HCN, etc. The well-known PGPR include members belonging to genera Arthrobacter, Azoarcus, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Gluconacetobacter, Herbaspirillum, Klebsiella, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia. Strains belonging to Paenibacillus are poorly represented as PGPR despite of them possessing several efficient PGP traits. Species belonging to Paenibacillus genus possess essential trait of nitrogen fixation in addition to other mentioned PGP traits, which is not found in the majority of PGPR strains belonging to other genera. Before 20 years, Paenibacillus genus was separated from the genus Bacillus. Characteristics that distinguish the genus Paenibacillus from other members of the family Bacillaceae include rod shaped with a flagellum, producing ellipsoidal spores with swollen sporangia, positive for catalase, negative for H2S production, variable for oxidase, and DNA G+C content ranging between 45 % and 54 mol%, with anteiso-C15: 0 as the major cellular fatty acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and more than 89.6 % intra-genus similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequences. To date 11 species of Paenibacillus possessing nitrogen fixation are recognized; they are P. polymyxa, P. macerans, P. durus, P. peoriae, P. borealis, P. brasiliensis, P. graminis, P. odorifer, P. wynnii, P. massiliensis, and P. sabinae. This chapter focuses to portray all PGP traits possessed by species of Paenibacillus genus, which will help them to provide better status as efficient PGPR.
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