Abstract
In the last decade, considerable advances have been made in the investigation of dipolar quantum gases. Previous theoretical investigations of a rotating binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, where only one component possesses dipole moment, were mainly focused on two special orientations of the dipoles: perpendicular or parallel to the plane of motion. Here we study the ground-state and rotational properties of such a system for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles. We demonstrate the ground-state vortex structures depend strongly on the relative strength between dipolar and contact interactions and the rotation frequency, as well as on the orientation of the dipoles. In the absence of rotation, the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to induce the squeezing or expansion of the cloud, and to derive the phase transition between phase coexistence and separation. Under finite rotation, the system is found to exhibit exotic ground-state vortex configurations, such as kernel-shell, vortex necklace, and compensating stripe vortex structures. We also check the validity of the Feynman relation, and find no significant deviations from it. The obtained results open up alternate ways for the quantum control of dipolar quantum gases.
Highlights
Owing to the high degree of control over most of the system parameters, ultracold or even degenerate atomic quantum gases offer us a unique platform for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena
Our studies are restricted to the zero-temperature mean-field regime, where the groundstate and dynamics of a binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are described in terms of two complex-value order-parameter ψ1 and ψ2
We consider a binary BEC confined in a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) plane, with the polarization axis being at angle Θ to the x axis in the x-z plane
Summary
Owing to the high degree of control over most of the system parameters, ultracold or even degenerate atomic quantum gases offer us a unique platform for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Due to the long-range and anisotropic nature of the DDI, ultracold atoms with a magnetic (or electric) dipole moment exhibit a variety of intriguing phenomena, such as the anisotropic deformation and excitation[11,12], d-wave collapse and expansion[13,14], supersolidity[15], roton spectrum[16,17,18], and the rotating properties[19,20,21,22,23]. The ground-state and rotational properties of a binary dipolar gas, wherein only one component possesses magnetic dipole moment, have drawn considerable attentions[35,36,37,38,39]. The vortex competition in a rotating binary dipolar BEC was studied in[38] These works focus on two special orientations of the dipoles: perpendicular or parallel to the plane of motion. To our best of knowledge, there has little work on such a binary system for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles with respect to the plane of motion
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