Abstract
ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) promote increase in plant biomass, depending on the soil and climate conditions and the interactions with the host plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and native DSE fungi on the initial growth of P. millegrana. A completely randomized experimental design comprising the Paspallum millegrana cutilvar with the following treatments: control - without AMF, and three exotic AMF isolates (UFLA351 - Rhizoglomus clarum, UFLA372 - Claroideoglomus etunicatum and UFLA401 - Acaulospora morrowiae), with four replications each. P. millegrana grass was colonized by exotic AMF by R. clarum (UFLA351, 11.9%), C. etunicatum (UFLA372, 39.6%), and A. morrowiae (UFLA401, 51.2%). P. millegrana was also colonized by native DSE fungi, but these did not interfere with the colonization by exotic AMF and plant development. P. millegrana is responsive to the inoculation of UFLAs isolates of exotic AMF, which may contribute to the grass growth and survival under field conditions. The process of surface disinfestation of seeds does not eliminate endophytic microorganisms, whose presence may influence plant colonization by AMF, as well as development of the host plant.
Highlights
Soil contains divers microorganisms that play many roles in maintaining the ecological balance
Silva et al (2016) observed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) secretes the „glomalin‟ glycoprotein that is capable of soil particles aggregation, and minimizes soil erosion, which is important to the recovery of degraded areas
The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, with four repetitions
Summary
Soil contains divers microorganisms that play many roles in maintaining the ecological balance. AMF are biotrophic organisms capable of association with more than 80% of plant species Through this association, they are able to increase water and nutrient uptake, and supply directly to the cells in the root cortex. The host plants provide the symbiotic fungus with photoassimilates for nutrition. By these interactions, the AMF promotes plant growth (SANTOS et al, 2018a); induces the defense system against pathogens and/or pests (VOLPE et al, 2018; HEIDJEN et al, 2015); increases the absorption of water and nutrients and reduce the consumption of mineral fertilizers (ZIANE et al, 2017); reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the soil (TEUTSCHEROVA et al, 2019; OKONJI et al, 2018), and promoting tolerance to drought and salinity (RIVERO et al, 2018). Silva et al (2016) observed that AMF secretes the „glomalin‟ glycoprotein that is capable of soil particles aggregation, and minimizes soil erosion, which is important to the recovery of degraded areas
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