Abstract
Saliva is a bio-fluid considered similar to blood in that it contains various DNAs, RNAs and proteins. Therefore, it is a fluid with diagnostic potential. In recent time, exosomes are emerging as nano-vesicles which enhance intra-cellular communication. Exosomal content, which is dependent on the cell of origin, reflects physiological status of cells. Exosomes have potentials for use as biomarkers for variant diseases, based on their stability and availability in various body fluids. Current studies have proposed the role of exosomes as immuno-modulators in the etiology of auto-immune diseases and cancers. The present study focused on the role of exosomes as biomarkers and their therapeutic potentials in particular diseases related to the oral cavity.
 Keywords: Exosomes, Auto-immune, Biomarkers, Saliva, Diagnosis
Highlights
Human saliva is a clear and complex oral fluid which tends to coat the oral tissues
The glandular secretions are produced from salivary glands, whereas the non-glandular secretions include crevicular fluids rich in oral microorganisms and host cells [1]
Various studies have been conducted on the extraction of exosomal micRNA from whole saliva of individuals suffering from chronic oral lichen planus (OLP), an auto-immune disease
Summary
Human saliva is a clear and complex oral fluid which tends to coat the oral tissues. The saliva originates from different glandular and nonglandular secretions. Kapsogeorgou and co-workers [26] have reported secretion of Ro/SSA, La/SSB and Sm from non-neoplastic salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs), showing auto-immune exosomal regulatory response to SS. Various studies have been conducted on the extraction of exosomal micRNA from whole saliva of individuals suffering from chronic oral lichen planus (OLP), an auto-immune disease. A group of researchers demonstrated differences between exosomal morphology and molecular features of healthy individuals, and those of patients suffering from oral cancer, which led to marker for early diagnosis of malignancy changes in patients with higher risk of cancer [40] Another group of researchers observed that exosomes derived from the hypoxic cells of OSCC tended to increase migration and invasion in an HIF- 1 α and HIF- 2 α-dependent pattern [41].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
