Abstract
Exosomes: Mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential
Highlights
Age-related bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis are becoming the most universal and complex skeletal disorders worldwide [1-3]
The work of Chen et al (2010), reported that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) contain micro RNAs (miRNAs), including miR210, miR126, miR132, and miR21, which are shown to be involved in angiogenesis [106] and miR-6087 which www.impactjournals.com/oncoscience induces endothelial differentiation [108, 109]
This study reveals that exosomes from hiPSC-MSC accelerate significantly more neovascularisation by increasing vessel area and vessel number by enhanced osteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone formation markers (RUNX2 and COL1)
Summary
Age-related bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis are becoming the most universal and complex skeletal disorders worldwide [1-3]. The exosomal derived novel miRNAs can modulate the differentiation and activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, by interacting with signaling molecules to control these processes. The work of Deng et al, (2015) demonstrated that exosomes released from osteoblasts (UAMS-32P cell lines) contain RANKL protein and activate RANK signaling in osteoclast precursors through receptor ligand (RANKL-RANK) interaction, leading to osteoclast formation [83].
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