Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease, which is prominent in the middle-aged and elderly population, often leading to repeated pain in the joints of patients and seriously affecting the life quality of patients. At present, the treatment of OA mainly depends on the surgery and drug treatment. Nevertheless, these treatments still face many problems, such as surgical safety, complications, and drug side effects. Exosomes can be secreted and released by multiple cell types and have lipid bilayer membranes and contain abundant biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Moreover, exosomes play a critical role in local and distal intercellular and intracellular communication. In recent years, several studies have found that exosomes can regulate the progression of OA and have a potential efficacy for OA treatment. Thus, in this article, we summarize and review the relevant research of exosomes in OA and emphasize the importance of exosomes in the development of OA.
Highlights
OA is a clinical disease involving the entire joint, including cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, ligaments, and muscles [1]. e main onset of OA is in the middle-aged and elderly population, which is characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis, and key risk factors include trauma, age, obesity, genetic and joint damage, and metabolic diseases [1,2,3,4]
We describe the characteristics of exosomes, biological functions, and related studies in osteoarthritis
The formation of exosomes involves three stages (Figure 1): (a) involution of cell membranes to form endosomes; (b) the endosomal membrane sprouts inward to form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), and the endosomal body becomes multivesicular body biogenesis (MVBs); (c) exosomes are secreted to extracellular space by fusion of MVBs and plasma membrane [16]; extracellular exosomes have lipid bilayer membranes and contain abundant biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [17]
Summary
OA is a clinical disease involving the entire joint, including cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, ligaments, and muscles [1]. e main onset of OA is in the middle-aged and elderly population, which is characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis, and key risk factors include trauma, age, obesity, genetic and joint damage, and metabolic diseases [1,2,3,4]. OA is a clinical disease involving the entire joint, including cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, ligaments, and muscles [1]. E main onset of OA is in the middle-aged and elderly population, which is characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and angiogenesis, and key risk factors include trauma, age, obesity, genetic and joint damage, and metabolic diseases [1,2,3,4]. Exosomes are closely related to OA, including promoting cartilage formation and tissue repair and regulating inflammatory response and homeostasis [8,9,10]. Erefore, it is very important to explore the role of exosomes in the OA process. We describe the characteristics of exosomes, biological functions, and related studies in osteoarthritis. We discuss the diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of exosomes in OA
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
