Abstract
Exosomes from bone marrow stem cells or cardiac progenitor cells can reduce apoptosis in myocardial cells after ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, there is little known about the effects of exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which are more abundant and have a lower risk of side effects. The aim of this study was to characterize exosomes from ADSCs and evaluate their cardioprotective actions against ischemia reperfusion injury. The exosomes were isolated from ADSCs and analyzed by protein marker expression, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The ADSC-exosomes were then used for ex vivo investigation of the cardioprotective effects on cardiomyocytes after exposure to oxidative stress. Exosomes from ADSCs exhibited a diameter of 150 nm and expressed the marker proteins, CD9 and CD29. ADSC-exosomes had no effect on proliferation of untreated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, ADSC-derived exosomes reduced apoptosis in myocardial cells subjected to oxidative stress. This study confirms that exosomes originating from ADSCs can protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress.
Highlights
Acute reperfusion is the best treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
Phenotypic analysis via flow cytometry demonstrated that the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were positive for the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) markers, CD29 and CD44, and negative for CD34 (Fig. 1a)
Growth curves were generated to examine the proliferation of ADSCs
Summary
Ischemic reperfusion injury induces oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to myocardial cell apoptosis, myocardial remodeling, and decreased cardiac function[1,2]. Exosomes can alter the behavior of recipient cells and improve the cardiac microenvironment after AMI. Exosomes of various mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to restore bioenergetics, alleviate inflammatory and oxidative stress, and improve vascular generation[12,13,14,15,16]. As shown in animal and human models of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, exosomes can inhibit myocardial apoptosis, narrow the scope of myocardial infarction, preserve left ventricular geometry, and improve cardiac function[17,18,19,20,21]
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