Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. The HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax has been identified as a critical component in the proliferation and transformation of human primary T-cells. This 40 kDa phosphoprotein not only manipulates chromatin remodeling within the host, but also subverts host cell DNA damage response mechanisms, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Here we utilized a combination of filtration and ultracentrifugation methods to enrich for exosomes from culture supernatants of HTLV-1 infected cells. We then employed western blots, mass spectrometry, and cytokine arrays to proteomically characterize the host and viral components in these exosomes. Additionally, RT-PCR was used to determine the presence of viral transcripts in these exosomes. Our results demonstrate that exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain traditional exosome proteins. Furthermore, our proteomics studies revealed that these exosomes contain viral components such as gp46 and Tax, as well as inflammatory mediators including IL-6 and IL-10. We also investigated the presence of HTLV-1 mRNA transcripts of Env, Tax, HBZ, and 5’LTR contained within exosomes. Moreover, we evaluated the functional impacts of treating naive recipient cells with exosomes secreted from HTLV-1 infected cells, and determined that the exosomes were able to induce a response in reactive oxygen species production. Our observation that the viral protein Tax is contained within exosomes and may be transmitted in an extracellular capacity raises important implications to pathogenesis associated with HTLV-1 infections.
Highlights
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia
Exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain the viral protein Tax
Our results demonstrate that exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain traditional exosome proteins
Summary
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. Exosomes derived from HTLV-1 infected cells contain the viral protein Tax Aarthi Narayanan1, Elizabeth Jaworski1, Rachel Van Duyne1,2, Sergey Iordanskiy1,2, Irene Guendel1, Ravi Das1, Robert Currer1, Gavin Sampey1, Myung Chung1, Kylene Kehn-Hall1, Charles Bailey1, Anastas Popratiloff3, Fatah Kashanchi1,2* From 16th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses Montreal, Canada.
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