Exosomes and Their Role in Cancer Progression.

Yang Liu,Ke Shi,Zheng Chen,Jianda Zhou,Ke Cao,Yong Chen,Junlin Liao,Xiang Chen,Yongguang Tao,Xianrui Wu

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.639159

Abstract

Exosomes from extracellular vesicles can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways by transporting proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other substances to recipient cells. In addition, exosomes are considered to be involved in the development and progression of tumors from different tissue sources in numerous ways, including remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion, and regulating the immune escape of tumor cells. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which exosomes participate in these different processes remains unclear. In this review, we describe the research progress of tumor cell-derived exosomes in cancer progression. We also discuss the prospects of the application of exosomes combined with nanoengineered chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer.

Highlights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles that are released from different cell-types and are able to transport nucleic acids, proteins, and other cellular cargo [1]
Lan J et al found that exosomes secreted by M2-type neutrophils regulate the invasion and migration behavior of colorectal cancer cells, which are rich in overexpressed miR21-5p and miR-155-5p that bind to the coding sequence of BRG1 and lead to a decrease in BRG1 expression, playing an important role in the development of colorectal cancer [47].Tumor cell-derived exosomes containing CEMIP proteins promote cancer cell colonization in brain metastases
CD47 is highly expressed in tumor cell-derived exosomes, can create a tumor microenvironment, lay the foundation for tumor metastasis, migration and invasion, and enable tumor cells to escape T cells and NK nuclear macrophages, promoting the occurrence and development of tumors [54]

Summary

Introduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles that are released from different cell-types and are able to transport nucleic acids, proteins, and other cellular cargo [1]. Tumor cell-derived exosomes can transmit tumor metastasis signals, determine the direction of cancer cell metastasis, and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and angiogenesis. Zhou Z et al found that exosome-loaded miR-155 targeting Box O3 of endothelial cells can promote angiogenesis in gastric cancer [41].

Results

Conclusion