Exosomal microRNAs released from tumor cells can play a role as reliable non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. Breast cancer develops from the milk-producing cells of the breast tissue. Exosomes from breast cancer cells have been linked to proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and carcinogenesis, according to research. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that can be secreted from cancer cells and contain a variety of contents such as nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc. MicroRNAs, a component of exosomes, are small non-coding RNAs that dysregulate in various cancers and can function as oncogenic or suppressive RNA. MiRNAs influence cancer progression by binding to the 3' or 5' UTR (untranslated region) of their target. Because of their important role in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, some novel diagnostic and prognosis tools have been developed. In this study, we list some prominent exosomal microRNA, the key function of some specific exosomal miRNA, and their ability to act as a biomarker or a new therapy that they have been researching since 2020.