Exosomal Hsp60: A Tumor Biomarker?

Abstract

Exosomes (EXs) are extracellular vesicles containing proteins, DNA, mRNA, non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, and lipid. The EXs can be easily isolated from different biological fluids and their content is considered a potential biomarker in various diseases, such as cancer. EXs play an important role in intercellular communication, permitting cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material in normal and pathological conditions. New data have shown that tumor cells-derived EXs contribute to cancer progression through the modulation of tumor microenvironment. Heat shock proteins 60 kDa (Hsp60) is classically considered mitochondrial proteins with different biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsp60 that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsp60 is localized on the surface of EXs, secreted by cells and could be a key player in intercellular cross-talk during the course of different diseases. Therefore, exosomal Hsp60 has a great potential for clinical applications, including its use as biomarker for diagnostics, assessing prognosis, and monitoring disease progression and response to treatment, particularly in cancer.