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Abstract
Probiotics must not only exert a health-promoting effect but also be capable of adapting to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Probiotics in the GI tract must survive the cell wall-disrupting effect of bile acids. We investigated the exoproteome of Lactobacillus johnsonii PF01 and C1-10 under bile stress. A comparative analysis revealed the similarities between the two L. johnsonii exoproteomes, as well as their different responses to bile. The large number of metabolic proteins in L. johnsonii revealed its metabolic adaptation to meet protein synthesis requirements under bile stress. In addition, cell wall modifications occurred in response to bile. Furthermore, some extracellular proteins of L. johnsonii may have moonlighting function in the presence of bile. Enolase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, 50s ribosomal protein L7/L12, and cellobiose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) sugar transporter were significantly upregulated under bile stress, suggesting a leading role in the collective bile stress response of L. johnsonii from its exoproteome perspective.
Highlights
Accepted: 5 February 2021Lactobacillus species are gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore–forming, anaerobic to facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
The bile response exoproteome of L. johnsonii PF01 and C1-10 was evaluated in this study
We investigated their extracellular proteomes mid-logarithmic growth we investigated their extracellular proteomes under bile stress
Summary
Accepted: 5 February 2021Lactobacillus species are gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore–forming, anaerobic to facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS). GRAS status is based on their beneficial effect on health Their ability to produce lactic acid and prevent microbial spoilage led to their use in food fermentation and preservation, as well as for treating enteric diseases (e.g., diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer). For these reasons, numerous Lactobacillus strains have been manufactured as probiotics [1,2,3]. According to Lebeer [2], the performance of lactobacilli as probiotics depends on their ability to adapt to and colonize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. One of the prerequisites for probiotics is the ability to tolerate bile, and to colonize the GI tract [4]
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