Exopolysaccharide from Streptococcus thermophilus as stabilizer in fermented dairy: Binding kinetics and interactions with casein of milk

Abstract

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactic acid bacteria have great effect on the quality of fermented milk products. However, the mechanism for the quality improvement has not been well described. This study aimed to investigate the molecular binding kinetics and interactions between EPS obtained from Streptococcus thermophilus AR333 (EPS333) and casein of milk (CM) in a simulated acidifying process. The results indicated that EPS333 had a significant effect on the stability of casein micelles at acidic pH (6.0–4.5) according to the turbidity, ζ-potential, particle size and distribution analysis. The adsorption-desorption study by bio-layer interferometry identified the direct affinity binding between EPS333 and CM, the interactive moiety of casein was α-casein, rather than β- or κ-casein. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed that the force types of interaction between EPS333 and CM were dynamically changeable during the acidifying process, mainly from electrostatic interaction at pH 7.0–6.5, to hydrophobic or hydrogen bonding at pH 6.5–5.5, and then transferred to electrostatic interaction again at pH 5.5–5.0. Conclusively, EPS333 could bind with CM directly via different binding forces during acidifying process to stabilize the properties of casein micelles.