Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a second messenger that regulates a broad range of physiological processes in plants. NO-derived molecules called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can react with unsaturated fatty acids generating nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FA). NO2-FA work as signaling molecules in mammals where production and targets have been described under different stress conditions. Recently, NO2-FAs were detected in plants, however their role(s) on plant physiological processes is still poorly known. Although in this work NO2-OA has not been detected in any Arabidopsis seedling tissue, here we show that exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) inhibits Arabidopsis primary root growth; this inhibition is not likely due to nitric oxide (NO) production or impaired auxin or cytokinin root responses. Deep analyses showed that roots incubated with NO2-OA had a lower cell number in the division area. Although this NO2-FA did not affect the hormonal signaling mechanisms maintaining the stem cell niche, plants incubated with NO2-OA showed a reduction of cell division in the meristematic area. Therefore, this work shows that the exogenous application of NO2-OA inhibits mitotic processes subsequently reducing primary root growth.
Highlights
The formation of nitrolipids was initially proposed in animals from the observation that nitric oxide (NO) inhibited lipid oxidation propagation reactions (Rubbo et al, 1994)
We studied the effect of exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-oleic acid (OA)) on primary root growth of Arabidopsis seedlings
Five-day old Arabidopsis seedlings were treated for another five days with NO2-OA or OA, and the root cells were analyzed by DIC microscopy
Summary
The formation of nitrolipids was initially proposed in animals from the observation that nitric oxide (NO) inhibited lipid oxidation propagation reactions (Rubbo et al, 1994). The nitration of fatty acids is induced by species derived from NO (Freeman et al, 2008). NO2-OA was recently detected in the free fatty acid fraction of seeds and seedlings of Brassica napus (Vollá r et al, 2020). Nitrolinolenic acid (NO2-Ln) was observed in cell suspension cultures, seeds, seedlings and leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis (Mata-Pé rez et al, 2016a) and in important crops such as rice and pea (Mata-Pé rez et al, 2016b). Exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2OA) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via activation of NADPH oxidases and not NO production in tomato cell suspensions (Arruebarrena Di Palma et al, 2020). Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase mutants showed that NADPH isoform D (RBOHD) was required for NO2-OA-induced ROS production in leaves (Arruebarrena Di Palma et al, 2020)
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