Abstract
Enzymes are widely used in the food industry. Their use as a supplement to the raw material for animal feed is a current research topic. Although there are several studies on the application of enzyme additives in the animal feed industry, it is necessary to search for new enzymes, as well as to utilize bioinformatics tools for the design of specific enzymes that work in certain environmental conditions and substrates. This will allow the improvement of the productive parameters in animals, reducing costs and making the processes more efficient. Technological needs have considered these catalysts as essential in many industrial sectors and research is constantly being carried out to optimize their use in those processes. This review describes the enzymes used in animal nutrition, their mode of action, their production and new sources of production as well as studies on different animal models to evaluate their effect on the productive performance intended for the production of animal feed.
Highlights
Food security is a current challenge in most parts of the world, where the need to increase the intensive production of farm animals for the generation of meat, milk and eggs is a priority; to achieve this, it is necessary for the animals to consume nutritious and highly digestible feed, and their diet should not compete with humans’ [1].Traditionally, depending on the geographic location, animal feed has been based on grains, forages and silage, among others, but the need to improve the costs of feeding and animal production has led to the search for new ingredients for this purpose
Sá et al [70] mention that adding wheat bran in the formulation increases the dietary fiber, promotes a reduction in nutrient and energy digestibility and there is an increase in fecal production when using a mixture of enzymes (b-glucanase, xylanase, cellulase, glucoamylase, phytase) before and after extrusion, concluding that enzyme supplementation, during feed processing or as exogenous enzyme supplementation for the animal, does not reduce the negative effects of wheat bran on digestibility
Recombinant enzyme production is still a promising field that will help meet the demand in the animal feed industry; but, to achieve this, it is necessary to use high-throughput expression technologies and to know the proteins at the proteome level to understand them at the systems level
Summary
Brianda Susana Velázquez-De Lucio 1 , Edna María Hernández-Domínguez 1 , Matilde Villa-García 1 , Gerardo Díaz-Godínez 2 , Virginia Mandujano-Gonzalez 3 , Bethsua Mendoza-Mendoza 4 and Jorge Álvarez-Cervantes 1, *.
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