Abstract
Hybrid (Vitis vinifera ×Vitis labrusca) table grape cultivars grown in the subtropics often fail to accumulate sufficient anthocyanins to achieve good uniform berry color. Growers of V. vinifera table grapes in temperate regions generally use ethephon and, more recently, (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA) to overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to determine if S-ABA applications at different timings and concentrations have an effect on anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes, pigment accumulation, and berry color of the Selection 21 cultivar, a new V. vinifera ×V. labrusca hybrid seedless grape that presents lack of red color when grown in subtropical areas. Applications of S-ABA 400 mg/L resulted in a higher accumulation of total anthocyanins and of the individual anthocyaninsanthocyanins: delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside in the berry skin and improved the color attributes of the berries. Treatment with two applications at 7 days after véraison (DAV) and 21 DAV of S-ABA 400 mg/L resulted in a higher accumulation of total anthocyanins in the skin of berries and increased the gene expression of CHI, F3H, DFR, and UFGT and of the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 transcription factors in the seedless grape cultivar.
Highlights
Table grapes (Vitis spp.) have become an important fresh commodity in Brazil for both internal market and exportation
Color Improvement in Hybrid Grapes of other countries and compete for more advantageous prices. In these subtropical regions, berry ripening and harvest often occur during the rainy season, which is not ideal for Vitis vinifera cultivars because excess rain and moisture compromise the overall quality of the berries (Biasoto et al, 2014)
The seedless table grape Selection 21, a new hybrid of V. vinifera × V. labrusca recently developed by the Grape Genetic Breeding Program of Embrapa Grape and Wine, Brazil, obtained from the cross of [Arkansas 1976 × (“Niagara White” × “Venus”)] × “BRS Linda,” is a clear example of a cultivar that lacks red color development when grown in subtropical regions
Summary
Table grapes (Vitis spp.) have become an important fresh commodity in Brazil for both internal market and exportation. Brazilian table grape production is starting to incorporate American (mostly Vitis labrusca) and/or hybrid (V. vinifera × V. labrusca) grape cultivars that are better adapted to warm and rainy climates Another disadvantage of growing table grapes in subtropical areas is that high temperatures during ripening can inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis in the berries from V. labrusca and hybrid cultivars (Rybka et al, 2015). This results in inadequate fruit color, and thereby a decrease in market acceptance and the potential economic value of the commodity (Roberto et al, 2012). The seedless table grape Selection 21, a new hybrid of V. vinifera × V. labrusca recently developed by the Grape Genetic Breeding Program of Embrapa Grape and Wine, Brazil, obtained from the cross of [Arkansas 1976 × (“Niagara White” × “Venus”)] × “BRS Linda,” is a clear example of a cultivar that lacks red color development when grown in subtropical regions
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