Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in fruit development and ripening in non-climacteric fruit. A variety of metabolites such as sugars, anthocyanins, fatty acids, and several antioxidants, which are regulated by various phytohormones, are important components of fruit quality in grape. Here, grape cultivar “Ruiduhongyu” was used to investigate the relationship between endogenous phytohormones and metabolites associated to grape berry quality under exogenous ABA treatment. 500 mg/L ABA significantly improved the appearance parameters and the content of many metabolites including sugar, anthocyanin, and other compounds. Exogenous ABA also increased the contents of ABA, auxin (IAA), and cytokinins (CTKs), and transcription level of ABA biosynthesis and signaling related genes in fruit. Furthermore, a series of genes involved in biosynthesis and the metabolite pathway of sugars, anthocyanins, and fatty acids were shown to be significantly up-regulated under 500 mg/L ABA treatment. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that there existed relatively strong cooperativities in the ABA/kinetin (KT)-appearance parameters, ABA/IAA/KT-sugars, ABA/indolepopionic acid (IPA)/zeatin riboside (ZR)-anthocyanins, and gibberellin 3 (GA3)/methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-fatty acids, indicating that 13 kinds of endogenous phytohormones induced by ABA had different contributions to the accumulation of quality-related metabolites, while all of them were involved in regulating the overall improvement of grape fruit quality. These results laid a primary foundation for better understanding that exogenous ABA improves fruit quality by mediating the endogenous phytohormones level in grape.
Highlights
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.), one of the most important and oldest cultivated fruit crops, is originated from western Asia (El-Mashharawi et al, 2020)
total soluble solid (TSS) was shown in the Figure 2A, Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment could significantly increase its contents in the DAA 40, DAA 45, DAA 69, and DAA 75 stages compared to the control group, and the variation tendency was the same in the two groups, it kept rising in all five sampling stages, indicating that the sugar degree continuously increased with fruit ripening
As for soluble dietary fiber contents, we discovered that ABA treatment significantly increased its contents in DAA 40 and DAA 53 stages while significantly decreasing its content in the DAA 69 stage compared with the control group
Summary
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.), one of the most important and oldest cultivated fruit crops, is originated from western Asia (El-Mashharawi et al, 2020). Exogenous Abscisic Acid Fruit Quality of table grapes and wines (De Orduna, 2010). A variety of metabolites are involved in the quality formation of grape fruit, in which sugars, organic acid, amino acids, and fatty acids (FAs) play a vital role in fruit flavor (Lado et al, 2018). It has been widely acknowledged that molecular breeding is an effective way to obtain new species with good fruit traits in woody perennial fruit crops (Töpfer et al, 2011). Many studies had demonstrated that using exogenous harmless substances could be a feasible strategy to significantly improve fruit quality, including exogenous plant hormones, plant growth regulators, amino acids, and antioxidants (Cai et al, 2014; Raza et al, 2014). 400 mg/L exogenous ABA sprayed on grapevine at the veraison stage could promote the coloration of pericarp (Shahab et al, 2019), and 400 and 600 mg/L ABA treatment on grapevine significantly contributed to grape yield promotion (Mohamed et al, 2019)
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