Abstract
Replacement of H 2O with D, O in seawater causes exogastrulation in larvae of the sea urchins, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and S. nudus. When larvae at any stages before mesenchymal blastula stage are transferred to 40% D 2O-seawater all of them develop gradually to exogastrulae and finally up to plutei with evaginated archenterons. Effects of D 2O are partly reversible at limited steps of the way to exogastrulation. Fertilisation and cleavage are not affected appreciably by D 2O (50% or less) except for the delay of cleavage.
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