Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a waveguide display structure which can realize a large field of view on a two-dimensional plane and a larger exit pupil size at the same time. This waveguide structure has three polarization volume gratings as its coupling elements. We use Zemax to simulate the effect of monochromatic and full-color two-dimensional exit pupil expansion and actually prepared a monochromatic waveguide with a two-dimensional exit pupil expansion structure. For the red, green, and blue light beams, it can achieve a large diffraction angle and can achieve diffraction efficiency of more than 70%. The waveguide structure shown can have an angle of view of 35° in the horizontal direction and 20° in the vertical direction, and an exit pupil of 18 mm long and 17 mm wide was achieved at the same time. As measured, the overall optical efficiency was measured as high as 118.3 cd/m2 per lumen with a transparency of 72% for ambient light.
Highlights
In order to achieve high-quality waveguide AR applications, wearable devices must have a sufficiently large exit pupil [1–3]
The structure of two-dimension exit pupil expansion is more complicated than onedimension because of the extra intermediate grating so that the light can be expanded into both horizontal and vertical directions, further expanding the exit pupil size
In summary, we demonstrated a two-dimensional exit pupil expansion structure based on PVG for a waveguide display system
Summary
Where θ represents the semi-field of view at the entrance pupil, ypupil is the radius of the pupil in object space, n is the refractive index in the object space, θ is the chief ray angle at the exit pupil, ypupil is the radius of the exit pupil, and n is the refractive index in the image space. The structure of two-dimension exit pupil expansion is more complicated than onedimension because of the extra intermediate grating so that the light can be expanded into both horizontal and vertical directions, further expanding the exit pupil size. Dimension because of the extra intermediate grating so that the light can be expanded into both horizontal and vertical directions, further expanding the exit pupil size. FigurFeig5u.re(a5.) (Ta)hTehemmicircoro-i-mimaaggee souurrcceeimimaagge;e(;b()bt)hethoeneo-ndeim-deinmsieonnseioxnit peuxiptilpeuffpeiclt eoffferecdt ,ogfrerend,, agnrdeebnlu, ea; n(cd) tbhleutew; o(c-) the two-ddiimmeennssiioonneexxititppuupiplielfefeffcetcotforfedre, dgr,egerne,eann,danbldueb.lue This problem can be solved out by overlapping several gratings which have different angle bandwidth range to enlarge the total angle band- Meaenawnhwilhei,lew, ewme emaseuasreudred the light the light lumluinmainncaenfcreofmroamDa6D5 6li5glhigt hsotusorcuercbeefboerfeoraenadnpdapssaisnsgintghrtohuroguhgthhethoeuot-ucto-ucopuleprlsers area and area and obotabitnaeindead7a27%2%tratnrasnmsimttaitntacne,cew, hwichhicihndinidcaicteastegsogoododtratrnasnpsapraernecnycyfofrotrhteheamambib-ient light. ent light
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