Abstract
The article presents the state of existing and future forecasts for a vehicle park equipped with fuel cells in the world. Reference has also been made to the current and future situation in the area of hydrogen refueling infrastructure in the world. The situation in the above-mentioned area in Germany is discussed, which is one of the leading countries in the hydrogenization of motor transport. A proposal for the development of hydrogen propulsion technology in Poland has been presented. In a similar scope, reference is made to the issue of electromobility in road transport, both in the world, in the EU, and in Poland.
Highlights
The Law On Electro-Mobility and Alternative Fuels, adopted by the Polish Parliament and the Polish Senate on January 11, implements, within the scope of its regulations, the European Parliament and EC directive (2014/94, dated October 22, 2014), on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, defines alternative fuels as fuels and electrical energy used to power the engines of automotive vehicles or floating vessels which serve as a substitute for oil-derived fuels, or those produced as a result of oil processing, including in particular electrical energy, hydrogen, liquid biofuels, synthetic and paraffin fuels, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), including gas derived from biomethane, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), including gas derived from biomethane, or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Continuation of work to improve combustion engines and their circuits responsible for the emission of harmful fume components are accompanied by work to develop alternative propulsion systems, including combination of such systems with conventional combustion engines [1]
The total number of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) manufactured worldwide up to now is estimated at c. 12.5 million, of which, by the end of 2015, c. 4 million vehicles were sold in the US, over 1.1 million in Europe and c. 4.3 million in Japan [1]
Summary
The Law On Electro-Mobility and Alternative Fuels, adopted by the Polish Parliament and the Polish Senate on January 11, implements, within the scope of its regulations, the European Parliament and EC directive (2014/94, dated October 22, 2014), on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, defines alternative fuels as fuels and electrical energy used to power the engines of automotive vehicles or floating vessels which serve as a substitute for oil-derived fuels, or those produced as a result of oil processing, including in particular electrical energy, hydrogen, liquid biofuels, synthetic and paraffin fuels, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), including gas derived from biomethane, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), including gas derived from biomethane, or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The global vehicle fleet in 2014 totaled 1.2 billion vehicles (95% of them passenger cars) [1] This forces one to reflect, on the one hand on the issue of depletability of oil-based fuels used in automotive, and the emission of harmful fume components or greenhouse gasses on the other [1]. The very significant progress in the development of combustion engines and efforts to reduce emission of harmful fume components, for example by controlling these emissions under actual traffic conditions [2,3,4], in the direction of the development of lowemission cars with combustion engines powered by conventional fuels (gasoline, diesel oil), is not entirely able to address these challenges. Forward-looking solution is the introduction of passenger cars and public transport buses equipped with fuel cells (FCEV) and the deployment of refuelling infrastructure for these vehicles, which is being rolled out currently in a number of countries
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