Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the potentials existing in insecticides that are considered Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) for the control of insects considered crop pests, with an observation of the main mechanisms of neuroendocrine modifications, development and viability of the species used as study models. The data search on digital platforms, as well as the screening of materials about crop pests, resulted in 74 IGR references and their potentials. The analysis of the information found demonstrated a greater use in works of compounds belonging to chitin synthesis inhibitors class; and orders such as Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera and Diptera were represented in the studies. The main types of activities reunited were morphological and anatomical modifications, reproductive modifications, alterations in developmental stage, alterations in developmental period, ovicidal activity, larvicidal/ninficidal activity and fagoinhibition. The congregated knowledge about the main pests used as study models, the main IGRs compounds and their biological potentials allow an evaluation of their use as an informative source for crop pest control methods.
Highlights
The agricultural sector demonstrates a great contribution in the scope of productivity, being able to be expressed in values relative to 3⁄4 of worldwide economy (FAO, 2013)
A second screening was carried out to reduce the number of sources of Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) use in agricultural pests, excluding works that took into account insects considered stored product pests [e.g. Trobolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)], choosing only studies with models considered crop pests
The endocrine gland corpora allata (CA) is responsible for the production and release of juvenile hormone (JH), primarily described by Wigglesworth (1934), consisting of a sesquiterpene with the function of inhibiting genes that promote the development of adult characteristics, participating in processes of molting and metamorphosis (Klowden, 2013; Gullan & Cranston, 2014) and, later, in reproductive mechanisms
Summary
The agricultural sector demonstrates a great contribution in the scope of productivity, being able to be expressed in values relative to 3⁄4 of worldwide economy (FAO, 2013). Sharma et al (2017) emphasize the damage caused by agricultural pests on a global scale, with an estimated loss of 18-20% in annual production and $ 470 billion. The scientific progress in the last decades have made possible the exploration of alternative methods regarding the regulation of insect development, based on compounds with mechanisms of greater selectivity and less toxicity to non-target organisms; which could overcome problems caused by the use of organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, characterized as insecticides of the first generations (Faria, 2009). Since its potential discovery, credited to the “paper factor” related by Sláma & Williams (1965), IGRs have been commercialized at an industrial level and widely used in pest control. In spite of several of these compounds have been explored in studies, there are few materials that gather information about these substances in a concise way and that show their evaluated potentials, mainly about the study of insect control in agriculture
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