EXISTENTIALIST ONTOLOGY OF PERSONALITY IN THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE AUTHOR AND THE HERO IN V. V. BYKOV’S STORY “SURVIVE UNTIL DAWN”

Abstract

The subject of the article is the artistic anthropological representations of V.V. Bykov, typologically comparable to the understanding of man in the philosophy of French existentialism and foreign literary practice, which is influenced by it. The ontology of personality in the story “Survive until dawn” is studied as a subject of controversy between the author and the hero, who is the subject of “role He-consciousness” (V.I. Tyupa) and completely exhausts his personality with an internalized social role function. It is demonstrated how the author, by means of intratextual means (correlation between the “word” of the author and the “word” of the hero, the organization of the narration, irony) and the architectonics of the story, reveals the narrowness of such self-identification. An analysis of the story as an artistic whole revealed its involvement in the global cultural opposition of nature and civilization and revealed the author's ideas about man, primarily as a part of the natural world order, canceled for the hero by his social initiation. The involvement of man in the confrontation between nature and civilization and the priority of the social role identification of the hero reveals a tragedy of the cosmic level in his feat of self-sacrifice.