Abstract
The paper contains exhaust emission results for an RDE test drive of a passenger vehicle with a spark ignition bi-fuel engine fuelled with LPG. The tests were performed in accordance with the RDE test requirements, and their results were compared to the emission limits of the applicable EURO norm. The aim of the paper is to investigate the discrepancies in the real exhaust emissions between the gasoline-specific emission norms and real values from vehicle use when powered by LPG.
Highlights
Due to the repeated problems of detecting and enforcing the exhaust emission limits on vehicle manufacturers changes to the test methods are introduced continuously
As a general conclusion it should be noted that despite not being subject to testing, the emissions of vehicles powered by LPG fuel are reasonably within the limit values, even in the case of CO the RDE test emission results are permitted to reach 210% of the limit value due to the introduction of “conformity factor” equal to CF = 2.1
The conformity factor was introduced only recently to RDE tests in newer emission norms (Euro 6), it provides a good reference for older vehicles that RDE testing doesn’t legally apply to
Summary
Due to the repeated problems of detecting and enforcing the exhaust emission limits on vehicle manufacturers changes to the test methods are introduced continuously. The exhaust emission norms for passenger cars have adopted emission tests in real driving conditions, known as RDE (Real Driving Emissions) tests in the recent years These tests are to increase the reliability of emission data obtained for tested vehicles undergoing the type approval process, especially considering the increasingly more popular direct injection methods and emission problems that come along with them [1]. While not common in vehicles worldwide, this matter is especially significant for the polish transport sector, due to the popularity of adding LPG systems to gasoline vehicles, which significantly reduces the fuel costs for the user [3, 4] This is important for countries with large numbers of LPG powered vehicles, such as Turkey (at about 2 400 000), South Korea (2 300 000), Poland (2 300 000) and Italy (1 700 000) (based on data from WLPGA, 2011)
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