Exhaust emission reduction of a SI engine using acetone–gasoline fuel blends: Modeling, prediction, and whale optimization algorithm

Abstract

Acetone–gasoline fuel is one potential favorable alternative option to regular gasoline fuel. This work attempts to mitigate pollution while simultaneously improving SI engine performance with acetone (AC) proportion in fuel mixture and varying engine speed. Acetone–gasoline alternative fuel was experimentally prepared by mixing 5–10 vol.% of acetone into ordinary gasoline. The experiments were performed in a spark ignition (SI) single-cylinder, four-stroke at variable engine speed. The engine performance was measured by an eddy current dynamometer (ECD), while the exhaust engine was measured by a gas analyzer connected to the gasoline engine. The proposed strategy, the integrated combined polynomial regression with whale optimization algorithm (WOA), was implemented. The results showed that the acetone blending of 10 % with gasoline (AC10: 10 vol. % acetone + 90 vol. % gasoline) decreases carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), emissions by 26.3%, 30.3%, and 6.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the AC10 exhibited better engine brake power (BP) than pure gasoline, with an improvement of 4.39%. According to the optimization results, the BP was enhanced by AC10 to record 2.426 kW at 2887 rpm. In addition, engine emissions reduced to the lowest levels of 142.849 ppm, 0.426%, and 1088.178 ppm, in terms of UHC, CO, and NOx, respectively. The experiment results show that the WOA optimizer can accurately predict the optimal point in SI engine performance and emissions.