Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been established as a potential source of respiratory biomarkers. Compared to the numerous small molecules identified, the protein content of EBC has remained relatively unstudied due to the methodological and technical difficulties surrounding EBC analysis. In this review, we discuss the proteins identified in EBC, by mass spectrometry, focusing on the significance of those proteins identified. We will also review the limitations surrounding mass spectral EBC protein analysis emphasizing recommendations to enhance EBC protein identifications by mass spectrometry. Finally, we will provide insight into the future directions of the EBC proteomics field.
Highlights
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has quickly become a subject of research interest due to the high potential for respiratory disease biomarker discovery
These properties have allowed EBC to come to the forefront of collection methods for biomarker discovery in respiratory diseases
Exhaled breath condensate is no different. Both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS respectively) approaches have been applied to EBC to identify molecules of prognostic and predictive significance
Summary
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has quickly become a subject of research interest due to the high potential for respiratory disease biomarker discovery. VOC breath analysis [1,2,3,4,5] These properties have allowed EBC to come to the forefront of collection methods for biomarker discovery in respiratory diseases. Both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS respectively) approaches have been applied to EBC to identify molecules of prognostic and predictive significance. This review will discuss the proteins identified using mass spectral methodologies for EBC biomarker discovery with a focus on the significance and limitations associated with EBC analysis
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