Abstract
Black phosphorous (BP) has been gaining in popularity in the past decade in the 2D materials community because of the interesting properties of phosphorene, the graphene-type monolayered product obtained by the exfoliation of BP. Not all exfoliations are created equal: the properties – and hence, the usability – of phosphorene flakes can be fine-tuned by the optimization of the process parameters. Moreover, phosphorene processing is inherently sensitive to oxidation issues. Here we report on the liquid phase exfoliation of BP in isopropanol–water cosolvents. The efficiency of the exfoliation was monitored by AFM, DLS, and Raman spectroscopy. Our main findings are that (i) the solvent composition affects the size of the flakes, and that (ii) the extent of oxidation suffered by phosphorene during exfoliation is independent of the isopropanol:water ratio. We achieved optimal results using 30% isopropanol solvent that yielded mostly monolayers and bilayers measuring over 110 nm in diameter.
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