Abstract
Manganese and gemstone (turquoise and cacholong) deposits of the central Kyzyl Kum region formed during the development of the sedimentary cover. Aggressive metal-bearing fluids were formed within the cover due to equilibration of sediments. Tectonic reactivation of the region resulted in the formation of erosion windows in the sedimentary cover and ascending gleyey (H2S-free) solutions were discharged within the erosion windows. Various geochemical barriers in near-surface zones favored the concentration of Mn, gem-stone-forming elements, and associated components. Their virtually simultaneous deposition from the same ore-forming fluids at different geochemical barriers was responsible for the differentiation of mineralization in the cross section. Processes of recent activation migrated from the southeast to northwest with the successive formation and erosion of ephemeral manganese and gemstone deposits in the same direction. At present, only the youngest deposits located in the northern central Kyzyl Kum region are sufficiently well retained.
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