Abstract
AbstractHydrothermal polymerization (HTP) is a benign and inherently green synthetic approach to synthesize highly crystalline polyimides (PIs) in nothing but high‐temperature water (HTW). In a typical HTP experiment, highly crystalline PI microparticles of sheet‐like as well as flower‐like morphology are obtained. Within this contribution, the effect of four additives (PEG400, PEG8000, P123, CTAB) on the crystallinity and morphology of the PI poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) is investigated. From the experiments performed, it becomes evident that the type as well as the concentration of additive heavily influences morphology. However, even the highest tested concentration of additive (67 g L−1 of PEG8000) does not lead to a change in average crystallinity, as determined from powder X‐ray diffraction. Hence, this approach provides a straightforward method to intentionally tune PI particle morphology without losing the outstanding materials properties generated by the high crystallinity obtained via HTP. Additionally, a hypothesis regarding the poly(ethylene glycol)‐induced morphology alteration is presented.
Highlights
Introduction uctsThis feature is highly promising, since for being realistically implemented green syntheses must generate at least equalThe synthesis of compounds by environmentally friendly, non- or even superior materials properties compared to those obtained toxic and efficient routes—summarized by the term “green by classical routes
The aspect of the reaction mixtures after Hydrothermal polymerization (HTP) did not change compared to pristine PPPI despite the presence of additives: the a-phases account for ≈90–95 wt% and the b-phases for ≈5–10 wt% of the PPPI product
This study has shown that the addition of PEG8000 to the HTP of PPPI has an impact on the morphology of the PPPI particles
Summary
Introduction uctsThis feature is highly promising, since for being realistically implemented green syntheses must generate at least equalThe synthesis of compounds by environmentally friendly, non- or even superior materials properties compared to those obtained toxic and efficient routes—summarized by the term “green by classical routes. The relevance and timeliness of green chemistry stands on the chemically or thermally degrade the material the lattice energy growing awareness for health and the environment. This is has to be furnished in addition to the sum of bonding energies.[7]. It is fair to say that for chemical com- rials.[12] In a typical HTP experiment, the comonomers toward pounds, which are already produced at an industrial scale, PIs, i.e., a diamine and a dianhydride
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