Abstract
There is a burden of adequate energy supply for meeting demand and reducing emission to avoid the average global temperature of above 2 °C of the pre-industrial era. Therefore, this study presents the exergoeconomic and environmental analysis of a proposed integrated multi-generation plant (IMP), with supplemental biomass-based syngas firing. An in-service gas turbine plant, fired by natural gas, was retrofitted with a gas turbine (GT), steam turbine (ST), organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cooling and power production, a modified Kalina cycle (KC) for power production and cooling, and a vapour absorption system (VAB) for cooling. The overall network, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency of the IMP were estimated at 183 MW, 61.50% and 44.22%, respectively. The specific emissions were estimated at 122.2, 0.222, and 3.0 × 10−7 kg/MWh for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively. Similarly, the harmful fuel emission factor, and newly introduced sustainability indicators—exergo-thermal index (ETI) and exergetic utility exponent (EUE)—were obtained as 0.00067, 0.675, and 0.734, respectively. The LCC of $1.58 million was obtained, with a payback of 4 years, while the unit cost of energy was estimated at 0.0166 $/kWh. The exergoeconomic factor and the relative cost difference of the IMP were obtained as 50.37% and 162.38%, respectively. The optimum operating parameters obtained by a genetic algorithm gave the plant’s total cost rate of 125.83 $/hr and exergy efficiency of 39.50%. The proposed system had the potential to drive the current energy transition crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shock in the energy sector.
Highlights
The demand for useful energy is at a record high, and it is expected to increase steadily to meet the growing energy demands for social, household, and productive uses [1]
The cooled air from the INT is recompressed by the high-pressure compressor (HPC), where it is combusted in the combustion chamber (C.C), after being partly heated by the expanded gas stream from the low-pressure turbine (LPT)
The present study presents integrated multi-generation system by retrofitting an in-service FRAME
Summary
The demand for useful energy is at a record high, and it is expected to increase steadily to meet the growing energy demands for social, household, and productive uses [1]. The majority of the nations, especially the developing nations, is struggling to match demand with supply—a situation that could be termed an energy crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic is causing an economic crisis in many nations, especially in the developing nations, with a severe negative impact on the energy access sector, due to logistical and economic challenges. Energy access could be used to quantify the impact of COVID-19 and evidence abound that COVID-19 has had a significant adverse impact on the energy access sector [3,4]. In this regard, the energy access sector needs stimulus beyond the COVID-19 era. The combined energy generation systems were adjudged as veritable means to drive the energy access beyond the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, for efficient energy solutions aimed at enhancing economic competitiveness, providing more affordable energy services, and reducing environmental impact [5]
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