Abstract
Background: Inflammation may play an important role in development of mild cognitive impairment and also predict progression of cognitive diseases. Studies have shown that aerobic and strength training increases the ability to generate and secrete cytokines from the skeletal muscles (then named myokines) that might be protective. Objectives: This pilot study was intended to explore if it is possible to detect changes in cytokine/myokine levels in response to a single exercise test in patients with mild cognitive impairment before and after a training intervention. Participants and Methods: Participants with mild cognitive impairment (N=33) performed12 weeks aerobic and strength endurance training at moderate (n=13), at high intensity (n=12) or served as control group with no training (n=8). At baseline and after 12 weeks a single maximal exercise test was performed where 2 venous blood samples were collected respectively, one at rest and one at maximal workload. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL -8 were assayed using commercial ELISA kits. Results: Resting values of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, or IL -8 at base line and post training were normal compared to reference values for all patients. At baseline, a single exercise test elevated levels of the myokines, IL-6 (p= 0.002), TNF-α (p
Highlights
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is considered a stage between normal cognitive ageing and dementia characterized by cognitive impairment, preserved activities of daily living and either intact or minimally impaired complex instrumental functions [1]
Our results indicate that the method to explore cytokines/myokines using a single exercise test could be a useful complement to analysing resting values of cytokines, and that positive protective effect of training might be detectable
A single exercise test significantly elevated the levels of myokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 in the MCI group
Summary
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is considered a stage between normal cognitive ageing and dementia characterized by cognitive impairment, preserved activities of daily living and either intact or minimally impaired complex instrumental functions [1]. The numbers vary in different studies and the patients are often followed for many years as no markers exist today that with certainty distinguishes patients that in the future will convert from MCI to a dementia disease. The term MCI has different definitions but one of the most commonly used has been to describe MCI as memory impairment beyond normal cognitive aging. The relation between physical activity, metabolic factors, inflammatory markers, mild cognitive disease and dementia has been studied both with the purpose of early diagnosis and to predict conversion from MCI to AD [7,8]
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