Abstract
BackgroundAdipocytokines, which are secreted by the adipose tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-related complications. To evaluate this assumption, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), and 4 weeks of de-training on serum leptin and TNF-α levels in diabetic rats.Method36 Wistar rats were divided into normal diet (ND) (control, RET, AET) and high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ (control, RET, AET) groups. Serum insulin, leptin, and TNF-α levels were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. Also fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured by the colorimetric kits.ResultsDiabetes induction increased body weight (BW) and FBG, and decreased insulin compared to the ND rats’ groups (p < 0.001). 12-weeks of AET and RET programs in the trained diabetic rats led to a decrease in TG, LDL-C, leptin, TNF-α, and FBG, and an increase in insulin compared to the HFD + STZ-C group (p < 0.001). Besides, there was no difference between AET and RET in improving the variables studied (p > 0.05). Also, de-training led to increased BW, TG, leptin, and TNF-α compared to the end of the exercise training (p < 0.05). The correlation between the variables studied was established at different stages of the study (p < 0.05), and only BW was not correlated with insulin during exercise training and de-training (p > 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that both AET and RET are useful in reducing levels of serum adipocytokines (TNF-α, leptin) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. At the same time, 4 weeks of de-training was sufficient to lose the metabolic adaptations.
Highlights
Adipocytokines, which are secreted by the adipose tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesityrelated complications
Diabetes induction increased body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and decreased insulin compared to the normal diet (ND) rats’ groups (p < 0.001). 12-weeks of aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) programs in the trained diabetic rats led to a decrease in TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leptin, TNF-α, and FBG, and an increase in insulin compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ-C group (p < 0.001)
De-training led to increased BW, TG, leptin, and TNF-α compared to the end of the exercise training (p < 0.05)
Summary
Adipocytokines, which are secreted by the adipose tissue, contribute to the pathogenesis of obesityrelated complications. To evaluate this assumption, we investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), and 4 weeks of de-training on serum leptin and TNF-α levels in diabetic rats. A common risk factor in diabetes is insulin resistance caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in obese people [7]. Adipose tissue extension is associated with enhanced adipose tissue inflammation and hypoxia, promoting recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages that secrete cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), which, by activating the TNF-α receptor and other cytokine receptors, they worsen insulin resistance [8]. TNF-α is an important pro-inflammatory mediator that contributes to decreased
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