Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory/proatherogenic cytokine, has been implicated as the cause hyperlipidemia in patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In this study, we have measured the effect of long-term moderate intensity exercise training on blood lipid levels and on the ex vivo production of TNF-alpha by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Study participants underwent six-months of tri-weekly supervised training sessions, each consisted of a combination of aerobic (52%), resistance (40%), and flexibility (8%) exercises. Forty-three subjects, 25 women average age 49.7 years and 18 men average age 48.1 years, successfully completed the study. Both men and women exercised an average of 2.5 hours per week. Exercise training resulted in a 10% decrease in total cholesterol levels (P=0.0136), an 18% decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P=0.0043), a 20.1% decrease in total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (P=0.0030), and a 51.5% decrease in the production of TNF-alpha (P
Highlights
There has been a world-wide reduction in the levels of physical activity in both adults and children, with insufficient physical activity accounting for an estimated 69.3 million disability-adjusted life years and 3.2 million deaths in 2010 [1]
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated as the cause of hyperlipidemia in persons with chronic inflammatory joint diseases, including those with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis [10,11,12,13]
We report the effects of long term combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on plasma lipid levels and on the ex vivo production of TNF-α by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Summary
There has been a world-wide reduction in the levels of physical activity in both adults and children, with insufficient physical activity accounting for an estimated 69.3 million disability-adjusted life years and 3.2 million deaths in 2010 [1]. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for more than one-half of NCD deaths in nearly every region of the world [2] with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome being its most consistent risk factors globally [3,4,5]. The mechanism(s) whereby these favorable changes in blood lipid levels occur in response to physical exercise, is incompletely understood. We report the effects of long term combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on plasma lipid levels and on the ex vivo production of TNF-α by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells
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