Abstract
Exercise improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but little is known about how consuming sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) during and post exercise influences the metabolic benefits of exercise. PURPOSE:Determine how the metabolic benefits of exercise are influenced by SSBs during and after exercise in overweight and obese adults of normal (NFG/NGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS:Male (n=9) and female (n=11) participants (18-52 y) completed two exercise and one control (CON+H2O) conditions. A standard, isocaloric diet to meet energy needs was given post exercise in EX+H2O and CON+H2O conditions, but SSB replaced 2 g per kg lean mass of calories from food in EX+SSB. Exercise was performed midday and consisted of an uphill walk at 65% predicted VO2max for 45 minutes on the first and matched on the second exercise condition. Participants completed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 18 h later with blood samples collected -5(0), 60, 120 minutes for analysis of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR1), TNF-alpha (TNFa), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Subjects were grouped into NFG/NGT (n=12) and IFG/IGT (n=8) for analysis. RESULTS:IL-6 at 0 and 60 min was lower (p=0.004) than 120 min. There was a trend (p=0.058) for IL-6 in CON+H2O (mean±SEM; 1.70±0.16 pg·ml-1) to be higher than EX+SSB (2.42±0.34 pg·ml-1) at 120 min. TNFa was lower (p=0.022) in EX+H2O compared to CON+H2O. The IFG/IGT group had higher (p<0.05) sTNFR1 with consumption of SSB regardless of exercise. There was a significant time by group interaction (p=0.009) for RONS to increase during the OGTT in IFG/IGT but not NFG/NGT. CONCLUSIONS:Inflammation responses to glucose ingestion were lower 18h after exercise compared to the non-exercise. This is the first study that we know of to demonstrate a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. IFG/IGT had greater RONS responses during the OGTT, regardless of condition. Thus, metabolic benefits of exercise may partially compromised by increases in some inflammatory markers when IFG/IGT adults consumed SSBs. Supported by the Mountain West Clinical Translational Research - Infrastructure Network under a grant from NIGMS of the NIH under Award Number 1U54GM104944.
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