Exercise-induced cardiac troponin elevations and cardiac ventricular dysfunction assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography and speckle tracking among non-elite runners in Beijing marathon

Abstract

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the major determinants of cardiac troponin changes response to exercise among non-elite runners participating in the Beijing 2022 marathon, with a particular focus on the associations with the cardiac function assessed by tissue Doppler echocardiography and speckle tracking. DesignA prospective study. MethodsA total of 33 non-elite participants in the 2022 Beijing Marathon were included in the study. Echocardiographic assessment and blood sample collection were conducted before, immediately after, and two weeks after the marathon. Blood samples were analyzed using the same Abbot high-sensitivity cTnI STAT assay. Echocardiography included tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography. ResultsFollowing the marathon, significant increases were observed in cardiac biomarkers, with hs-cTnI elevating from 3.1 [2.3–6.7] to 49.6 [32.5–76.9] ng/L (P < 0.0001). Over 72 % of participants had post-race hs-TnI levels surpassing the 99th percentile upper reference limit. There was a notable correlation between pre-marathon hs-cTnI levels (β coefficient, 0.56 [0.05, 1.07]; P = 0.042), weekly average training (β coefficient, −1.15 [−1.95, −0.35]; P = 0.009), and hs-cTnI rise post-marathon. Echocardiography revealed significant post-race cardiac function changes, including decreased E/A ratio (P < 0.0001), GWI (P < 0.0001), and GCW (P < 0.0001), with LVEF (β coefficients, 0.112 [0.01, 0.21]; P = 0.042) and RV GLS (β coefficients, 0.124 [0.01, 0.23]; P = 0.035) changes significantly associated with hs-TnI alterations. All echocardiographic and laboratory indicators reverted to baseline levels within two weeks. ConclusionsBaseline hs-cTnI levels and weekly average training influence exercise-induced hs-cTnI elevation in non-elite runners. Echocardiography revealed post-race changes in cardiac function, with LVEF and RV GLS significantly associated with hs-TnI alterations. These findings contribute to understanding the cardiac response to exercise and could guide training and recovery strategies.