Abstract
Objective: Exercise-associated Muscle Cramp (EAMC) is an intense, painful, and involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles during a physical activity. Runners are more prone to this syndrome than other athletes. The present paper aims to review of the literature on EAMC in runners to determine the reasons and nature of EAMC in this sports field. Methods: A search was conducted for related studies from 1997 to 2021 in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PEDro, Google Scholar as well as MagIran, IranDoc, IranMedex, MedLib using MeSH Keywords. The reference section of the studies were also checked to find more studies. Finally, 15 eligible papers on EAMC in runners were reviewed and findings were reported. Results: Several factors were found to be effective in EAMC among runners, including dehydration, electrolyte deficit, cold, long training or competition period, increased body temperature during training or competition, history of injury or muscle cramp, increased training intensity in short time, and dietary restrictions. Conclusion: The cause of EAMC in runners seems to be multifactorial.
Highlights
P revalence of Exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC) has been reported in different studies and groups of athletes [1-5]
Due to the fact that a lot of muscles are used during running and the amount of energy consumed in these runners is high, and considering that no review study was not found that addressed the causes of EAMC in runners, this review study aims to investigate EAMC in runners to determine the cause and general nature of EAMC in this sport to provide more complete and better information for interventions and future studies on EAMC in runners
A search was conducted for studies on EAMC in runners published in Persian or English from 1997 to 2021 in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Web of Science, PEDro, Google Scholar, MAGIRAN, IRANDOC, IranMedex, MedLib, and SID using the MeSH keywords: Muscle cramp or muscle fatigue or chronic disease, running, ultra-marathon or half-marathon or marathon
Summary
P revalence of Exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC) has been reported in different studies and groups of athletes [1-5]. One of these groups is runners [6, 7]. Due to the fact that a lot of muscles are used during running and the amount of energy consumed in these runners is high, and considering that no review study was not found that addressed the causes of EAMC in runners, this review study aims to investigate EAMC in runners to determine the cause and general nature of EAMC in this sport to provide more complete and better information for interventions and future studies on EAMC in runners. It can help prevent, treat and reduce its occurrence
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