Abstract
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are progressive diseases that affect the elderly population. Both conditions are associated with fracture risk that is greater than twice that of the healthy population. Resveratrol and exercise are two treatments that have been linked with attenuation of age-related diseases, including the risk of bone fractures. In this study, we test the hypothesis that these treatments improve fracture resistance in a mouse model representative of the AD condition.MethodsThree-month-old male 3xTg-AD mice were treated for 4 months with resveratrol or exercise or both combined, and compared with wild type mice. Exercise training was performed on a treadmill at 15 m/min for 45 min/day, 5 days/week. Resveratrol was given at 4 g/kg diet in the form of pellets. Three-point bending, cross-sectional geometric, and fluorescence analyses were conducted on tibias and compared by treatment group.ResultsTibias of 3xTg mice exhibited signs of diminished bone quality and fracture under less force than age-matched wild type mice (P < 0.05). Treatment with both resveratrol and exercise improved indicators of fracture resistance and bone quality in AD mice to levels comparable to that of wild type mice (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe 3xTg mouse model of AD is at elevated risk for limb bone fracture compared to wild type controls. Treatment with resveratrol, exercise, or both in combination improves fracture resistance and cross-sectional geometric indicators of bone strength.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are progressive diseases that affect the elderly population
We test the efficacy of resveratrol and/or exercise in ameliorating fracture risk in the 3xTg-AD mouse model for AD
After a one-week period of acclimation, mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (n = 10), 3xTg-AD control (n = 7), 3xTg-AD treated with resveratrol (n = 8), 3xTg-AD with exercise (n = 8), and 3xTg-AD treated with a combination of resveratrol and exercise (n = 8)
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are progressive diseases that affect the elderly population. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive decline associated with synaptic dysfunction and the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissue [3] Osteoporosis is another age-related disease that affects millions of adults around the world over the age of 65 [4]. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that exercise can prevent the onset or slow the progression of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, including AD and osteoporosis [10,11,12]. These studies emphasize the importance of polyphenol-rich diets for the management of osteoporosis [13,14,15]. We examine multiple indicators of bone strength and quality to determine their effects on resistance to limb bone fracture
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