EXCURSION METHOD OF TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CHUVASHIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY

Abstract

Active formation of extracurricular education in the post-reform period was due to the fact that the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century experienced changes in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres. Studying the history of extracurricular education in the post-reform period is important from the standpoint of a holistic understanding of the Russian post-reform period. To study the state of extracurricular education in Russia taken as a whole, it is necessary to study it in detail on the materials of various regions.
 
 In the post-reform period, new teaching methods were developed in Russian educational institutions. The excursion method of teaching became very popular. The initiator of the introducing excursions in the life of Chuvash schools is I.Ya. Yakovlev.
 
 The purpose of the work is to study the issue of organizing and implementing the excursion method of teaching in pre-revolutionary Chuvashia. In this article, archival data are introduced into scientific circulation, which enable to examine the process of introducing excursion practices in educational institutions of Chuvashia in the second half of the XIX – early XX century. The main attention is paid to the types of school excursions and their educational potential. The methodological basis of the work is made up of the principles of historicism in combination with a systematic approach, which made it possible to examine the introduction of the excursion teaching method in a historical retrospect. In addition, the article examines the first attempts on the part of the government to regularize schoolchildren excursions in the school, as well as describes the role of the print media in popularizing excursions. The practical significance of the study is to draw the attention of historians to an insufficiently studied issue.