Exclusion or Empowerment? A Critical Analysis of Women’s Roles in Somaliland’s Electoral Politics in 2021

Abstract

This research examines the complex obstacles exclusionary and empowerment factors that impact women’s participation in parliamentary elections in Somaliland. By utilizing qualitative method with in-depth interviews with female candidates from the 2021 elections, the study delves into the intricate relationship between cultural, structural, and psychological exclusion, alongside educational, supportive, and strategic empowerment, in the unique political atmosphere of Somaliland. The results indicate that deeply ingrained cultural norms, entrenched political barriers, and significant financial constraints severely limit women’s political engagement. These barriers are compounded by psychological factors that diminish women’s political aspirations and efficacy. On the other hand, empowerment through higher education, robust supportive networks, and effective strategic planning emerges as key to overcoming these obstacles. The study employs theoretical frameworks such as Strain Theory, Social Identity Theory, and Resource Mobilization Theory to provide a deeper understanding of these dynamics. The implications of this research are far-reaching, suggesting that comprehensive interventions encompassing policy reforms, educational programs, and community dialogues are essential for enhancing women’s political participation. This study not only enriches the academic discourse on gender and politics in understudied contexts but also provides practical recommendations for stakeholders aiming to foster a more inclusive political landscape in Somaliland and similar settings.