Excitations of nonlinear local waves described by the sinh-Gordon equation with a variable coefficient

Abstract

We explore novel excitations in the form of nonlinear local waves, which are described by the sinh-Gordon (SHG) equation with a variable coefficient. With the aid of the self-similarity transformation, we establish the relationship between solutions of the SHG equation with a variable coefficient and those of the standard SHG equation. Then, using the Hirota bilinear method, we obtain a more general bilinear form for the standard SHG equation and find new one- and two-soliton waves whose forms involve two arbitrary self-similarity functions. By an appropriate choice of the smooth self-similarity functions, we determine and display novel localized waves, and discuss their properties. The method used here can be extended to the three- and higher order soliton solutions.