Abstract
WFSM are included in the majority of large power generating units and special high-power motor drives, due to their high efficiency, flexible field excitation and intrinsic flux weakening capability. Moreover, they are employed in a wide range of high-end solutions in the low-to-medium power range. This contribution presents a comprehensive survey of classical and modern methods and technologies for excitation systems (ESs) of (WFSMs). The work covers the fundamental theory, typical de-excitation methods and all the modern excitation equipment topologies in detail. It also includes a description of the state-of-the-art and the latest trends in the ESs of wound-field synchronous motors and generators. The purpose of the paper is to provide a useful and up-to-date reference for practitioners and researchers in the field.
Highlights
Wound-field synchronous machines (WFSMs) are the preferred choice in power generation applications ranging from few kVA to few GVA [1]
WFSMs are predominant in grid-connected operations [2] and in small-to-medium generating systems for isolated applications [3], [4]
While most of the research on permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor and generator performance enhancement relies on sophisticated control algorithms [15], [16], a key role in WFSM development is played by new hardware and design solutions for the improvement of rotor excitation in terms of dynamic performance [17], reliability [18], compactness [19]–[22] and condition monitoring [23]–[25]
Summary
Wound-field synchronous machines (WFSMs) are the preferred choice in power generation applications ranging from few kVA to few GVA [1]. The static excitation methods (in which the field winding is fed through brushes and shaft-mounted slip rings) are preferred whenever a fast dynamic response is required They cause maintenance and safety issues due to brush wear and possible sparking. They suffer from worse dynamic performance, prevent direct access to the field winding for measurement and protection purposes, and require the installation of an auxiliary rotating machine (exciter) on the main motor or generator shaft. Such limitations are being significantly reduced by the advances currently in progress.
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