Excitation Spectrum in an Ensemble of Hubbard Bosons

Abstract

An approach that makes it possible to correctly derive equations describing the Bose–Einstein condensation and the spectrum of elementary excitations in the ensemble of Hubbard bosons in the strong correlation regime (U gg {text{|}}{{t}_{{fm}}}{text{|}}) has been developed in the atomic representation using the Dyson method with the introduced indefinite metric. The kinematic Dyson interaction caused by the properties of the commutation relations of dynamic variables plays an important role in such a system. An effective Hamiltonian has been obtained using the operator form of perturbation theory at finite U values. It has been shown that the properties of the ensemble of Hubbard bosons have been determined by the kinematic interaction, correlated hopping, and the attraction between Hubbard bosons. Numerical calculations have demonstrated the effect of these interactions on the characteristics of the energy spectrum of excitations of the ensemble of Hubbard bosons and on the dependence of the density of condensate particles on the density of bosons in the system.