Excess Winter Morbidity and Mortality: Do Housing and Socio-Economic Status Have an Effect?

Abstract

To review the published research evidence on the links between excess winter mortality (EWM) or excess winter hospitalization (EWH) and housing quality or socioeconomic status (SES). Systematic review. Linked data on EWM or EWH and potential associations with housing quality or SES. No consistent relations between SES and EWM or EWH. The results for housing quality are also inconsistent, with some studies showing a weak protective effect of home heating. Studies to date do not provide good evidence that housing quality or SES factors affect EWM and EWH. More research is needed, particularly studies using individual level housing and SES data. Controlled trials of interventions would be desirable.