Excess weight at time of presentation of myocardial infarction is associated with lower initial mortality risks but higher long-term risks including recurrent re-infarction and cardiac death

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the influence of elevated body mass index (BMI) on short- and long-term survival following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background Recent studies suggest an obesity survival paradox in individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with better 30-day and 1-year outcomes in obese relative to normal weight patients. We tested a similar obesity paradox hypothesis following acute myocardial infarction. Methods Short- and long-term all-cause mortality, and risk of recurrent AMI were evaluated according to BMI status in 894 consecutive survivors of AMI < 80 years of age admitted to the Mayo Clinic Coronary Care Unit between January 1, 1988 and April 16, 2001. Normal weight, overweight and obesity were defined as BMI < 25, 25–29.9, and > 30 kg/m 2, respectively. Results Overall mortality following hospital discharge was significantly lower in overweight and obese patients and was mostly attributable to lower 6-month mortality (adjusted HR = 0.47, P = 0.01 for BMI > 25 kg/m 2) relative to normal weight patients, while long-term mortality among 6-month survivors was similar in all 3 groups. The risk of recurrent AMI was higher in patients with BMI > 25 kg/m 2 (adjusted HR = 2.30, P = 0.01). Overweight and obese patients were significantly more likely to die from cardiac rather than non-cardiac causes ( P < 0.01). Conclusions Following AMI, overweight and obese individuals although paradoxically protected from short-term death have a long-term mortality risk that is similar to normal weight individuals. Younger age at the time of initial infarction and fewer non-cardiovascular comorbidities presumably explain the short-lived obesity survival paradox following myocardial infarction.