Excess thermodynamic functions in the liquid system (Bi–Cd–Ga–In–Pb–Sn–Zn). Measurements and calculations

Abstract

We summarize our measurements and calculations of enthalpy of mixing and activity in the seven component liquid system (Bi–Cd–Ga–In–Pb–Sn–Zn). The enthalpy measurements were carried out at 700–1000 K using a Calvet type calorimeter. The activity measurements were carried out at 714, 805 and 877 K using an EMF cell with a KCl–LiCl eutectic electrolyte. The calculations were done using the Hoch–Arpshofen model. In the measurements of the partial enthalpy of mixing and activity data, the calculated uncertainties were larger than the difference between the measured and calculated values. For the enthalpy of mixing data in the seven-component system, we needed 21 binary interaction parameters, and for the activity measurements in the five-component (Bi–Cd–Pb–Sn–Zn) system, 20 binary interaction parameters are required. Thus it is possible to calculate large systems, make a few experiments to check the calculations, and thus to be able to help different industries.