Excess body weight significantly affects systemic and tumor inflammatory status and correlates to poor prognosis parameters in patients with breast cancer

Effects of supervised exercise during adjuvant endocrine therapy in overweight or obese patients with breast cancer: The I-MOVE study

1) To measure nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels in patients presenting to the ED in acute vaso-occlusive sickle-cell crisis (SCC), and 2) to determine whether a relationship exists between NO metabolite levels and pain. A prospective, observational study of patients with documented sickle-cell anemia (SCA), aged > or = 18 years, presenting in typical, acute SCC was conducted in an urban, university teaching hospital. Excluded were those with atypical pain or acute, coexistent disease (as evidenced by fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, or hypotension). Pain scores were measured by a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Blood NO metabolite levels for SCC patients and control subjects (healthy volunteers, n = 9; SCA control subjects not in SCC, n = 10) were determined using an NO-specific chemiluminescence technique that measured plasma nitrite and nitrate, the stable end-products of NO. The acute SCC patients were divided into 3 groups, with the range for the SCC-normal (n = 5) group defined as within 2 SD of the healthy volunteer control patients. The SCC-low patients (n = 21) had NO metabolite levels below this range and the SCC-high (n = 21) patients had levels above this range. The SCA and healthy volunteer control groups had similar NO metabolite levels (25.3 vs 22.6 mumol; p = 0.10). The 3 acute SCC groups had the following mean NO levels: 1) SCC-normal = 21.3 +/- 1.6 mumol; 2) SCC-low = 7.2 +/- 1.1 mumol; and 3) SCC-high = 43.7 +/- 3.5 mumol. The SCC-high NO-level group had significantly lower VAS pain scores when compared with the SCC-low and SCC-normal NO-level groups (6.52 +/- 1.85 cm vs 8.76 +/- 0.83 cm, and 8.62 +/- 1.29 cm, p = 0.02). NO metabolite levels vary in SCC patients. Elevated levels are associated with lower pain scores, while lower levels are associated with higher pain scores, indicating that NO metabolites may potentially represent a marker for compensatory mechanisms in SCC tissue ischemia. Further work is needed to delineate the usefulness of NO metabolites in assessing the severity of SCC.

Weight gain is commonly observed during and after breast cancer treatment due to chemotherapy and endocrine therapies, induced menopause, changes in metabolism and food intake and decreased physical activity. Systematic reviews show that women who are overweight or obese at diagnosis, and those who gain weight, have poorer breast cancer survival outcomes than women of a healthy weight, irrespective of menopausal status. Excess body weight after breast cancer also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD. The adverse impact of excess body weight on survival outcomes is clearly shown for women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, which accounts for 70 % of all breast cancer cases. Higher body fat is thought to increase the risk of ER+ recurrence because of increased aromatase activity. However, this could be compounded by other risk factors, including abnormal insulin and adipokine metabolism, impaired anti-tumour immunity and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Observational evidence linking poorer survival outcomes with excess body fat and low physical activity in women recovering from early-stage curative-intent breast cancer treatment is reviewed, before reflecting on the proposed biological mechanisms. The issues and sensitivities surrounding exercise participation amongst overweight breast cancer patients is also discussed, before providing an overview of the co-design process involved in development of an intervention (support programme) with appropriate content, structure and delivery model to address the weight management challenges faced by overweight ER+ breast cancer patients.

Introduction: Adipose tissue is a major component of the breast cancer microenvironment, and preclinical studies have suggested that adipose tissue might play a pivotal role in breast cancer progression. In this study we investigated the effect of adipose tissue from patients with ER positive breast cancer on migration of ER positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Adipose tissue samples were collected from patients with ER positive breast cancer undergoing a mastectomy. In total, adipose tissue samples from 3 normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9) and 7 overweight breast cancer patients (BMI: 25-29.9) were collected. Samples from the mastectomy specimens were minced in small pieces, incubated in RPMI-1640 and after 48 hours (h) the supernatant was harvested. The effect of adipose tissue supernatant on the migration of MCF-7 cells was monitored in real-time for 48 h with the xCELLigence cell invasion and migration plates expressed in delta cell index (DCI). In addition, effect of adipose tissue supernatant on migration was assessed by quantification of F-actin positive lamellipodia of MCF-7 cells in a scratch assay after 24 h. In all experiments, RPMI-1640 with 1% or 20% FCS was used as a negative or positive control respectively. Results: Supernatant of overweight patients significantly induced MCF-7 migration compared to supernatant of normal weight patients after 24 h (xCELLigence DCI: 1.22 ± 0.15 vs. 0.95 ± 0.19 (P=0.038)), 36 h (DCI 1.40 ± 0.21 vs. 0.91 ± 0.31 (P=0.019)) and 48 h (DCI 1.72 ± 0.23 vs. 0.98 ± 0.43 (P=0.007)). In addition, there was a significant difference between the overweight group and negative control at 36 h, and 48 h (DCI 1.40 ± 0.21 vs. 1.06 ± 0.12, P=0.038 and DCI 1.72 ± 0.23 vs. 1.11 ± 0.21, P=0.004 respectively). No significant difference between normal weight group and negative control was found at any of the time points. After 24 h MCF-7 cells incubated with supernatant of overweight patients developed significantly more F-actin positive lamellipodia compared to MCF-7 cells incubated with supernatant of normal weight patients (44.26 ± 3.26% vs. 25.47 ± 1.88% P<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that adipose tissue supernatant of patients with ER positive breast cancer can promote migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a weight dependent manner. Whether this is the case in other breast cancer subtypes as well, and the potential clinical implication, is of interest for future studies. Citation Format: Jie Ma, Hetty Timmer-Bosscha, Paul M. Werker, Carolina P. Schröder, Marlous Arjaans. Adipose tissue supernatant of overweight ER positive breast cancer patients promotes migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4002.

To determine risk factors for presence of lymph node or distant metastases in patients with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) at the time of diagnosis and whether there is a relationship between the type of tumor invasion and metastases. FTC often presents distant metastases at the initial diagnosis. As distant metastases are independent prognostic factors in a patient's survival, determination of clinicopathologic characteristics for patients who are at higher risk for developing metastases is of greater clinical importance. The prognostic significance of gender (male vs. female), age (<or=40 years vs. <40 years), tumor size (<or=40 mm vs. >40 mm), number of lesions (uni- vs. multifocality), type of invasion (minimally invasive vs. widely invasive), and oncocytic changes (with vs. without) were analyzed in 207 patients, according to presence of lymph node and distant metastases at the time of initial surgery. According to the type of invasion, the carcinoma-specific survival and the disease-free survival of minimally invasive (MI) and widely invasive (WI) FTC were estimated and compared. None of the 127 patients with MI growth presented with lymph node metastases but 9.4% distant metastases. Overall risk factors for the presence of lymph node metastases at the initial diagnosis were multifocality (P = 0.02) and widely invasion (P = 0.0001) and for distant metastases age >45 years (P = 0.007), tumor size larger than 40 mm (P = 0.03) and widely invasion (P = 0.0001).WI-FTC patients show larger tumors (P = 0.0001), older age (P = 0.0001), and are presented more frequently in recurrent goiter disease (P = 0.0001). The estimated 10 years carcinoma-specific survival and disease-free survival for MI-tumors were significantly better than for WI-tumors (P = 0.0001). Total thyroidectomy is recommended in all patients with FTC because of early distant metastases. Patients with WI-FTC need a more aggressive surgical treatment because of higher tendency for lymph node metastases. MI-FTC has an excellent prognosis with no sign of lymph node metastases, which emphasizes a limited need for nodal surgery.

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women worldwide. Since the involvement of axillary lymph node metastases is related to the poor prognosis of these patients, the objective of our study was to investigate the association between breast tumor size and the presence of axillary lymph node metastases. Our research was performed at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica. The study consisted of 72 women diagnosed with breast cancer aged between 29 and 84 years (average age: 59.04&amp;amp;plusmn;10.87 years) whose breast tumor was surgically removed at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina. Patients who received preoperative chemo- or radiotherapy were excluded from the study. The data concerning breast tumor size and the presence of axillary lymph nodes in these women was obtained from the reports of Department of Pathoanatomical Diagnostics of the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina. The results of our study indicated to positive, statistically significant moderate correlation between the size of breast tumor and the presence of axillary lymph node metastases (r=0.32, p=0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis notified that cut-off value of breast tumor size for the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis was 22.5 mm (AUC=0.70, p=0.01). In our investigation, women with breast tumor size of 22.5 mm or larger were predisposed to the presence of axillary lymph node metastases.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This research was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, #7750238, Exploring new avenues in breast cancer research: Redox and metabolic reprogramming of cancer and associated adipose tissue - REFRAME.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

SUMMARY 1 In the present study, we examined the possible relationship between circulating adiponectin and plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (nitrite and nitrate) in normotensive and hypertensive men. 2 The concentration of circulating adiponectin was significantly lower in hypertensive men compared with normotensive men. Plasma levels of NO metabolites were also reduced in hypertensive men compared with normotensive men. 3 Circulating adiponectin was significantly correlated with plasma levels of NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrate) in the overall analysis of normotensive and hypertensive men (r = 0.377; n = 52; P < 0.01). When analysis of the correlation for normotensive and hypertensive men was performed separately, there was a significant correlation between circulating adiponectin and plasma levels of NO metabolites in normotensive men, but not in hypertensive men. 4 The results of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that adiponectin-mediated production of NO may be altered in hypertensive men.

Aim . To assess levels of stable nitric oxide metabolites (NO) in plasma of arterial hypertension (AH) patients not taking systematic antihypertension therapy, in accordance with the presence and absence of the left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH). Material and methods . Totally, 124 AH patients included: 45 males, 79 females, mean age — 51,4±6,5 y.o., mean duration of AH — 7,9±7,3 y. Controls included 25 healthy persons: 10 males, 15 females; mean age — 48,2±7,8 y.o. Transthoracal echocardiography was done by standard method. Myocardium remodelling types were evaluated by the Ganau A (1992) criteria. Concentration of NO in plasma was measured by spectrophotometry. Statistics was done with Statistica 8.0 software. Results . In AH patients the level of NO was significantly higher than in controls — 43,2±21,7 mcM/L vs 28,3±9,6 mcM/L (p<0,05). There was positive correlation of NO with the fact of AH (r=0,31, p<0,05). In AH patients LVH was diagnosed in 66,7%. In AH with LVH patients concentration of NO was significantly higher than in AH non-LVH — 49,9±19,3 vs 39,8±18,3 mcM/L, respectively, (р<0,05) and in controls. There were direct correlations in AH patients, with NO and myocardial mass index of the left ventricle (LV) (r=0,44, р<0,05), with interventricular septum thickness (r=0,36, р<0,05), posterior LV wall thickness (r=0,44, р<0,05). In the subgroup of AH patients with normal LV geometry there were the lowest NO levels — 35,1±17,3 mcM/L. In subgroups of AH patients with concentric remodeling, eccentric remodeling and concentric LVH, levels of NO were significantly higher than in controls (p<0,05). Higher NO levels were found in AH patients with concentric LVH (53,9±19,1 mcM/L). Conclusion . In AH patients of I-II stages there were raised NO levels. In AH patients with LVH concentration of NO is significantly higher than in non-LVH. There is correlation with myocardium mass index of LV and NO (r=0,44, p<0,05). The highest levels of NO were found in AH patients with concentric LVH.

Introduction: Although previous randomized controlled trials have suggested that axillary surgery may be omitted in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer with tumor ≤ 2cm (pT1), approximately 15% of these patients were found to have lymph node (LN) metastasis. Furthermore, while these studies demonstrated that axillary surgery, including sentinel LN biopsy, does not provide a therapeutic benefit, concern remain regarding the prognostic impact of occult LN metastasis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify factors associated with LN metastasis in small tumors (≤ 2cm) and to analyzed its impact on recurrence. Methods: We identified patients with pT1 primary breast cancer who underwent treatment at two hospitals between September 2003 and December 2019. To ensure accurate assessment of pathologic LN metastasis, patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy or did not undergo axillary surgery were excluded. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with LN metastasis and to evaluate the impact of LN metastasis on recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results: A total of 1,745 patients were included in the study, of whom 384 (22.0%) had axillary LN metastasis. In the multivariate binary logistic regression model, LN metastasis was significantly more common in tumors larger than 1cm (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.15-4.08; P&amp;lt;0.001) and in the presence of lympho-vascular invasion (OR, 4.41; 95% CI, 3.37-5.78; P&amp;lt;0.001) while it was less frequent in tumors with histology other than ductal or lobular type (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.89; P=0.022). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, LN metastasis was identified as a significant risk factor related with worse RFS (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.26-3.14; P=0.003). In subgroup analysis, LN metastasis was associated with poor prognosis across most subgroups, with its impact being particularly pronounced in patients with tumors&amp;gt;1cm, histologic grade I or II, and the HR+/HER2- subtype. Conclusion: Our study found the factors associated with a higher likelihood of LN metastasis in small (pT1) breast tumors and confirmed that LN metastasis is associated with wore prognosis. Because the presence of LN metastasis can increase the risk of recurrence, even in small tumors, careful consideration should be given to performing axillary surgery to avoid potential undertreatment in patients with a high risk of LN metastasis. Citation Format: J. Lee, K. Yeonjoo, P. Youri, L. Young Ah, W. Joo Hyun, L. Woo Sung, K. Hee-Joon, M. Byung-In. Factors associated with lymph node metastasis and its prognostic impact in breast cancer patients with small tumors (≤2cm) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS4-11-02.

The aim of our study was to identify predictive factors for lymph node metastases (LNM) in children and adolescents with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their impact on survival. The authors conducted an Italian multicentric retrospective analysis on 132 pediatric patients (0-18years old) affected by PTC between 2000 and 2014. The investigated variables were demographic characteristics of the patients, clinicopathological features of PTCs, and persistence/recurrence of disease. The female/male ratio was 3.1:1. The median age was 14.3±3.5years (range 4-18years). Total thyroidectomy was performed in all the patients, followed by lymph node dissection in 87 patients (65.9%). Metastatic lymph node involvement was confirmed in 73 patients (55.3%): lateral compartment (LC) in 25 patients (34.2%), central compartment (CC) in 17 patients (23.3%), and both compartments in 31 patients (42.5%). Multifocality (P<.00), vascular invasion (P=.04), infiltration of the thyroid capsule (P<.00), minimal extrathyroidal extension (P<.00), diffuse sclerosing variant of PTC (P=.02), and presence of LNM in the LC (P<.00) were significantly associated with LNM in CC. Infiltration of the thyroid capsule (P<.00), massive extrathyroidal extension (P=.03), distant metastases (P=.02), PTC, not otherwise specified (P<.00), and presence of LNM in the CC (P<.00) were significantly associated with LNM in LC. Age, sex and size of PTC were not correlated with the presence of cervical LNM. Moreover, presence of LNM in CC increases the risk of persistence (P<.01) and recurrence (P<.02) of PTC in children and adolescents. Most predictors, unfortunately, are only identified post-operatively by histopathologic examination: Just a small part of them can be pre-operatively detected with a low-sensitivity neck ultrasonography. In PTC patients with pre-operative predictors, we suggest an accurate pre- and intra-operative evaluation of CC and/or LC to find suspicious lymph nodes. The presence of LNM in CC has an impact on disease/progression/relapse-free survival. We suggest performing RAI therapy and an accurate follow-up for pediatric patients with only post-operative predictors.

We previously identified the infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes and COX2 expression as an independent factor of risk for recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis at diagnosis lost its significance in a multivariate model analysis. These results encouraged us to compare the immune cells arrangement in the microenvironment of the LN metastasis and the primary tumor. We studied 104 consecutive PTC patients. Tissue specimens of both primary tumor and LN metastasis at the time of diagnosis were available in 19 out of them. These 19 patients were followed up for 32 to 81months (64.7±47.5months). Immune cell markers were investigated using immunohistochemistry and included tumor infiltrating lymphocytes subsets such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD45RO, GRANZYME B, CD69, and CD25. We also investigated the expression of COX2 in tumor cells. Paired t test showed an increase of GRANZYME-B+ lymphocytes density in LN metastasis compared to the corresponding primary tumor, suggesting that LN metastasis is enriched with activated immune cells. In addition, we observed a decrease in COX2 expression levels in LN metastasis compared to the corresponding primary tumors, reinforcing the idea that the immune escape mechanism is impaired in the microenvironment of thyroid LN metastasis. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the microenvironment of PTC LN metastasis present features that favor an anti-tumor immune response. This may help to explain why the presence of LN metastasis at diagnosis is not a good predictor of PTC patients' survival or disease progression.

Nitric oxide (NO) has a variety of effects on the pathophysiology of the nasal cavity and seems to play an important role in inflammation. It is increased in the common cold but decreased in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Exhaled NO increases after endoscopic sinus surgery in CRS. In our previous study we showed that NO metabolite (nitrate and nitrite) levels are increased in the sinus cavity of CRS patients. We hypothesized that NO metabolite levels are increased to normal in the nasal lavage of CRS patients after endoscopic sinus surgery and NO metabolites in the nasal lavage can be used as indicators of the disease status after surgery. This study was performed on 52 patients with CRS who did not respond to medical therapy and who underwent surgery. NO metabolite levels were measured in nasal lavages of the patients before surgery and 2 months after surgery. NO metabolite levels (mean +/- SEM) were 18.11 +/- 3.08 micromol/L and 35.97 +/- 4.64 micromol/L in nasal lavages of patients before and after surgery, respectively. The levels of NO metabolites were increased significantly (p < 0.01) after surgery in nasal lavages and patients reported significant improvement based on the visual analog scoring after the operation. NO metabolite levels were decreased in nasal lavages of CRS patients and were increased to normal levels after surgery along with improvement of the disease. NO metabolite levels may be used as an indicator for the follow-up of patients after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective. Oats are accepted in the gluten-free diet (GFD) for children with celiac disease (CD). Some reports have indicated, however, that not all celiac patients tolerate oats. We have previously shown that some children still have high levels of urinary nitric oxide (NO) metabolites as markers of intestinal inflammation after 1 year on GFD with oats. In this study, we measured urinary NO metabolites in CD children who had been consuming oats-containing GFD for an extended, 2–6-year period, also taking into consideration ordinary consumption of nitrite/nitrate-rich foods close to the urine sampling. Materials and Methods. Morning urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured in 188 pediatric CD patients. A questionnaire was used to elucidate factors possibly affecting the urinary levels, for example, dietary factors, asthma, or urinary tract infection. Results. Oats were consumed by 89.4% of the patients for a median time of 3 years. The median nitrite/nitrate level was 980 μM. The majority (70.2%) who consumed oats had low levels of urinary nitrite/nitrate, that is, <1400 μM, while 29.8% demonstrated high levels, that is, >1400 μM. Nitrite/nitrate-rich foods did not significantly influence the urinary concentrations. Conclusion. The urinary levels of NO metabolites revealed two subpopulations, one with high and one with low levels. The high levels could be possibly due to poor adherence to the GFD, sensitivity to oats, or some unknown factor(s). Nitrate-rich foods, asthma, or urinary tract infection did not affect the result. The elevated levels of NO metabolites could indicate mucosal inflammation and pinpoint the need of careful follow-up of children on oats-containing GFD.

Background Obesity (body mass index (BMI) &amp;gt;30) increases breast cancer (BC) risk and promotes BC metastases probably through high estrogen levels. A high BMI as a risk and prognostic factor is consistently reported in postmenopausal women. Obese women develop particularly hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative BC. In this study, we investigate the influence of BMI on the prognostic effect of the progesterone receptor (PR) in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, HER2 negative BC. Patients and methods Women over 50 years of age diagnosed with primary operable BC between 2000 and 2012 at University Hospitals Leuven were retrieved from the database. Patients were subdivided into normal weight (&amp;lt;25 kg/m2), overweight (&amp;gt;25 and ≤30) and obese (&amp;gt;30). We investigated for each BMI category the distant metastasis free interval (DMFI) and BC specific survival (BCSS) by PR status. Apart from the total cohort, subgroup analysis was performed for luminal A (grade 1-2) and luminal B HER2 negative BC (grade 3). We used Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression for the analyses. Covariates were age at diagnosis, tumor size, lymph node status, and therapy. Results In total, 3227 patients were analyzed for DMFI. For BCSS, 3192 patients were analyzed as patients with unknown cause of death were excluded from the analysis. 2395 of all patients had luminal A and 832 had luminal B HER2 negative BC (Table 1). Median time of follow-up was 6.5 years. Table 1: Percentage of luminal A and luminal B patients per BMI category BMI&amp;lt;25BMI &amp;gt;25 and ≤30BMI &amp;gt;30Luminal A1105 (76%)820 (75%)470 (70%)Luminal B355 (24%)278 (25%)199 (30%)BMI: body mass index BMI interacts with the prognostic effect of PR for DMFI and BCSS in luminal HER2 negative BCs. Only patients with BMI &amp;lt;25 had a reduction in the risk of distant metastasis and BC-related death if the tumor was PR positive as compared to patients with PR negative BC. This was observed in the total cohort and only seen in the luminal B subgroup (table 2). A similar effect was observed in obese patients but this did not reach statistical significance, and was mainly present during the first 5 years following diagnosis. For the overweight patients, no difference in DMFI and BCSS was observed by PR status. Table 2: Multivariate analysis for DMFI and BCSS for PR positive versus PR negative in the 3 BMI categories in the total and the luminal B cohort. DMFI (HR, 95% CI)BCSS (HR, 95% CI)Total cohort BMI &amp;lt;250.25, 0.16 to 0.400.22, 0.12 to 0.40BMI &amp;gt;25 and ≤301.24, 0.59 to 2.600.95, 0.40 to 2.25BMI &amp;gt;300.70, 0.33 to 1.490.53, 0.21 to 1.33luminal B BMI &amp;lt;250.19, 0.11 to 0.330.14, 0.06 to 0.31BMI &amp;gt;25 and ≤301.23, 0.44 to 3.481.02, 0.36 to 2.85BMI &amp;gt;300.82, 0.31 to 2.200.61, 0.18 to 2.00BCSS: breast cancer specific survival, BMI: body mass index, CI: confidence interval, DMFI: distant metastasis free interval, HR: hazard ratio Conclusion Normal weight patients have a reduced risk of developing distant metastases and of BC-related death if the tumor is PR positive compared to PR negative BC. No difference between PR positive and PR negative cases was observed in overweight BC patients. This BMI-dependent prognostic effect of PR was limited to luminal B BC patients. Citation Format: Kathleen Van Asten, Anneleen Lintermans, Annouschka Laenen, Chantal Remmerie, An Poppe, Giuseppe Floris, Hans Wildiers, Marie-Rose Christiaens, Patrick Neven. The body mass index interacts with the prognostic effect of the progesterone receptor in patients with a luminal HER2 negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-02.

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic antioxidant compound. Oxidative stress represents one of the important mechanisms underlying ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tyrosol against ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. The left kidney of Sprague-Dawley rats was subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion for 6 h. Ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase in peroxynitrite formation and lipid peroxidation. The level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and the mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in ischemia-reperfused kidneys. Administration of tyrosol (100 mg/kg body weight) to rats prior to the induction of ischemia significantly reduced peroxynitrite formation, lipid peroxidation, and the level of NO metabolites. Tyrosol administration also attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced NF-κB activation and iNOS expression. Such a treatment improved kidney function. Results suggest that tyrosol may have a protective effect against acute kidney injury through inhibition of iNOS-mediated oxidative stress.