Examining the Reasons For and Effects of Military Coups in West Africa since 1990: The Obstacles to Democracy and Progress

Abstract

Purpose: This article sought to understand the reasons for military coups in West Africa Since 1990. With this, we would be able to assess their effects and the obstacles these coups present to democracy in West Africa. It is clear that military takeovers have posed a constant threat to democratic rule in West Africa. There are many different reasons why military coups occur in West Africa, including ethnic conflicts, economic grievances, and corruption. Military leaders have occasionally defended their actions by arguing that they were required to reestablish order and solve perceived shortcomings in civilian authority. This is why it’s necessary to investigate these claims. Coups have wide-ranging effects which include violations of human rights among others, warranting mitigating circumstances.
 Methodology: The article uses a qualitative research design. Information on the research came purely from the review of scholarly articles and reports on the topic and it covers the whole of West Africa. The information presented is based on a synthesis of findings from these sources, with a focus on identifying the obstacles to democracy and progress posed by military coups in the region.
 Findings: From synthesization of information from other reviews, we discovered that West Africa is one of the most affected parts of Africa as far as military coups are concerned. We equally found out that though not so unique to West Africa, poor governance, political instability, neocolonialism, plays a major in promoting military coups.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Knowledge acquired from this study would be able to make readers gain specific knowledge on why military coups are frequent in West Africa and to see how such coups can be avoided in other parts of Africa so as to promote democracy and human rights. One unique point included in this research that has been too investigated by many authors is the part played by neocolonialism in coups in West Africa. From a practical standpoint, the analysis and recommendations would inform policymakers, and stakeholders working on issues related to democracy, governance, and security in West Africa.