Examining the Impact of Coping Strategies on the Quality of Life in Children with Various Disabilities

Abstract

Children with disabilities face unique challenges that affect their well-being and quality of life (QOL). This study explores the intersectionality of disability and coping strategies in Saudi Arabia, a context in which comprehensive research on this topic is scarce. Cultural barriers hinder research participation, and data on the prevalence of disabilities are limited. A cross-sectional design was used to capture the dynamic relationship between coping strategies and QOL. A stratified random sample of 369 children (aged 6-18 years) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds was studied. QOL was measured using the short form-12 health survey to assess the physical and mental components. Coping strategies were assessed using the validated COPE inventory. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the association between QOL and coping strategies. The significance level was set at a P value of <0.05 throughout the analysis. The findings of this study revealed that participants with auditory problem have shown better QOL as compared to children with other disabilities. Participants with visual problems reported a greater use of emotional support, information support, positive reframing, acceptance, and religious coping. Children with autism were found to use only coping strategies. Participants with intellectual disabilities used behavioral and humorous coping strategies. Participants with auditory problems believed in active coping, denial, and substance abuse. Physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, emotional role, and physical component summary were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with coping strategies, whereas general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health were positively and significantly related to coping strategies. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that emotional support, denial, behavioral disengagement, self-blame, religion, acceptance, humor, and substance abuse were significant predictors of QOL. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize the complexity of addressing the needs of disabled children and the importance of holistic and culturally sensitive approaches in rehabilitation and support programs.