Examining the factor structure of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex-PTSD among prison staff exposed to potentially traumatic experiences

Abstract

The recently released 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) classifies posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) as distinct, yet related, disorders within the spectrum of trauma and stress-related disorders. This study aimed to explore the construct validity of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), a measure of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms among prison governors (i.e., wardens in the U.S. and Canada). Trauma-exposed prison governors (N = 409) aged 26 to 82 years (M = 50.04, SD = 7.97) provided their data online anonymously. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to evaluate the construct validity of ITQ scores. When using the five-point item response scale, our five first-order factor model produced the best fit to the data; however, when using a dichotomous item scale, the first-order two-factor PTSD and disturbances of self-organization (DSO) model produced the best fit to the data. These results indicate that item-coding and estimation methods can significantly impact conclusions about the best-fitting model for this measure among trauma-exposed prison governors.